第二周of the翻译.ppt

Chapter 2; What do we mean by translation? Taken literally, it can be given four meanings, according to concrete contexts: Translating (翻译过程)：the process (to translate; the activity rather than the tangible object) ;;1. Definitions of Translation The field of Translation Studies was first defined by the American scholar, James Holmes, in his seminal paper, entitled ‘the Name and Nature of Translation Studies’, which was originally presented in the third International Congress of Applied Linguistics held in Copenhagen in 1972. ;Since Holmes paper, Translation Studies has evolved to such an extent that it is really a perfect interdiscipline, interfacing with a whole host of other fields. The aim may still be to describe translation phenomena, and in some cases to establish general principles, but the methods of analysis are more varied and the cultural and ideological features of translation have become as prominent as linguistics. The following figure illustrates the breaths of contacts.;;月茂坠蛰晰匡犁监灿瘟深臼蚊闻型秸却彪倘伊稳意葱蚕卸乌几缉挨口恼屑第二周of the翻译第二周of the翻译;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 2 Classification of translation 2.1?从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语外语译为本族语； ;2.2 从涉及到的语言符号来分类 In his seminal paper, ‘On Linguistic Aspects of Translation’, Jakobson makes a very important distinction between three types of written translation. ;;;(2) Interlingual translation语际翻译： Translation from one language to another; an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages. 是指两种语言之间的翻译，即用另一种语言的语符来解释一种语言的语符，这就是人们通常所指的“翻译”，如英汉翻译。 ; (3) Intersemiotic translation符际翻译：translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example music or image; an interpretation of verbal signs by means of nonverbal sign system or vice versa. 是指通过非语言的符号系统解释语言符号，或用语言符号解释非语言符号，如把语言符号用图画、手势、数学、电影或音乐来表示。 ;;;;;;;;;六种译文：;;;;;;;;;;; 3. Importance of Translation Learning a foreign language is not easy but it is worthwhile. It makes you able to read foreign sci