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Introduction of Linux SystemLinux系统简介 孟宁 电话：0512腾讯微博：@mengning997 新浪微博：@孟宁V5 E-mail：mengning@ 主页：/~mengning 地址：苏州工业园区独墅湖高等教育区仁爱路188号2-504室 Agenda 什么是Linux？ “Linux”的内涵 GNU OS and GPL Linus Torvalds vs. Richard M. Stallman Linux发展简介 The free software movement 什么是Linux？ Linux是一个类Unix（Unix-like）的操作系统，在1991年发行了它的第一个版本 在Linux内核维护网站上有“What is Linux?” 请登录/阅读What is Linux? What is Linux? Linux的来历和目标： Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX（注：Portable Operating System Interface Standard可移植操作系统接口标准由IEEE制订，并由ISO接受为国际标准。） and Single UNIX Specification compliance. What is Linux? Linux的功能 It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6. What is Linux? Linux支持的目标体系结构 Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher), today Linux also runs on (at least) the Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS, Renesas M32R, Atmel AVR32, Renesas H8/300, NEC V850, Tensilica Xtensa, and Analog Devices Blackfin architectures; for many of these architectures in both 32- and 64-bit variants. What is Linux? 在内存管理方面 Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although functionality is then obviously somewhat limited. See the μClinux project for more info. “Linux”的内涵 在不同的语境下，“Linux”具有不同的内涵，例如： Linux内核、Linux系统或Linux开发套件等术语。 严格来说，Linux指的是Linus Torvalds维护的（及通过主要和镜像网站发布的）内核。 GNU/Linux GNU/L