考研语法定语从句.doc

定语从句 A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least. 一个富有的人，并不是因为他拥有的最多，而是因为他需要的最少。 There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool. 幸福与智慧的区别在于:认为自己是最幸福的，他真的就是最幸福的;而认为自己是最智慧的 人，却往往是最大的傻瓜。 关系代词which/that/who (1) ln the Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 05阅读 如本句所示，先行词指物，关系词可以用which或that. 在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互间有密切联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。 (2) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. 93翻译 在that前面不能接介词，所以本句用了by which，而不是by that 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给予精确而严谨解释的表达方式。 (3) Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.(1999年阅读第二篇) 这里先行词是business partners，表示人，所以用who。来引导定语从。 一些公司只与那些获得进入公司内部网的固定交易伙伴进行在线交易，通过这种方式来降低风险。 关系代词whose （1）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. (2000年阅读第四篇) 这里whose接名词短语productivity and social harmony 二战后，日本的目标一直很明确，其生产力与社会和谐令美国和欧洲羡慕。 （2）At the same time, the American Law Institute-a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight-issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. (1999年阅读第一篇) 这里whose接名词recommendations连用。 与此同时，美国法律研究所(成员有法官、律师和理论专家，他们的建议分量极重)发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累犊地一再请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。 关系代词what what作关系代词，用法很特殊，它可以看作是先行