2015对外贸易技校对口升学英语二轮复习课件：语法填空-助动词和特殊句式二.pptVIP

* 助动词和特殊句式(二) 例1: Had they known what was coming next, they ______ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had Ⅴ. 虚拟语气 【解析】选D。本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might ＋have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。 例2: We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______more places of interest yesterday A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 【解析】选D。句意： 我们在那个小村庄迷路了，要不然的话，我们昨天就游览了更多的名胜古迹。本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise(否则)，后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。故选D。 考点1：if从句的3种虚拟形式 考点2：wish 后的宾语从句 1．表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。 2．表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had＋ done。 3．表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用should/would(情态动词) ＋ 动词原形。 考点3：含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。其常见结构有： 1．if only要是……就好了(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似) If only you hadnt told him the news. 要是你没有告诉他这个消息就好了。 2．without/but for如果没有…… Human beings would die without water. (＝Human beings would die if there were no water.) 如果没有水，人类就会灭亡。 3．otherwise/or否则，不然的话 I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. 我当时没有钱，要不然，我就买那本书了。 考点4：虚拟语气的其他常见表现形式 1．would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来的事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had＋ done。 2．一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)一坚持(insist)二命令(order, command)三建议(advise, suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand, require, request, ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用 “should ＋ do”，其中should可以省略。 3．表示 “早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about) time that ＋ 主语＋ 动词的过去式/ should ＋ do(优先使用动词过去式)，即从句用虚拟过去式。 4．“情态动词＋have done”的结构，也带有“虚拟语气”的意义。 ①could have done 本来能够做而实际上未做 ②might have done 本来可以做而实际上未做 ③should/ought to have done本来应该做而实际上未做 ④ought not to have done/shouldnt have done本来不应该做而实际上做了 ⑤neednt have done本来不必要做而实际上做了 考点1：转折并列句 转折并列句主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等连词连