when,while,as的区别.docxVIP

一、根据从句动作的持续性来区分1. “主短从长”型：即主句是一个短暂性的动作，而从句是一个持续性动作，此时三者都可用。如：Jim hurt his arm while [when, as] he was playing tennis. 吉姆打网球时把手臂扭了。As [When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火车时，变得很不耐烦。注意：as用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在……期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作和发展意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等)，所以下面一句中的while不能换为as：A：I’m going to the post office. 我要去邮局。B：While you are there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗?若主句与从句表示的是两个几乎同时发生的动作，含有类似汉语“刚要……就”“正要……却”的意思，英语一般要用as(也可用when)，且此时通常连用副词just。且此时，从句一般用进行时，主句用短暂性动词的一般时态。【注意与六区别】I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候，我把他截住了。Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在这两个人要离开的时候，突然有了消息。2. “主长从长”型：即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间，此时通常要用while。如：I always listen to the radio while I’m driving. 我总是一边开车一边听收音机。He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他没有让我进去，他只顾看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。但是，若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时，则习惯上要用as。如：He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂。I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。3. “主长从短”型：即主句是一个持续性动作，而从句是一个短暂性动作，此时可以用as或when，但不能用while。如：It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。4. “主短从短”型：若主句与从句表示的是两个同时发生的短暂性动作，含有类似汉语“一……就”的意思，英语一般要用as (也可用when)。如：The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一进来他立刻站了起来。但是，在hardly/scarcely/rarely。。。when。。。句型中，只能用when。表示“一……就……”（指过去的事情）。sb．had hardly/scarcely/rarely done sth．when．．．＝Hardly /Scarcely/Rarely had sb．done sth．when．．．I had hardly/scarcely/rarely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．＝Hardly /Scarcely/Rarely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。I had hardly/scarcely/rarely entered my room when the telephone rang．＝Hardly /Scarcely/Rarely had I entered my room when the telephone rang．我刚一走进