物理学分支发展简史(量子物理学 量子力学) - 龙岩（The branch of physics develops a brief history (quantum physics quantum mechanics) - longyan）.docVIP

物理学分支发展简史(量子物理学 量子力学) - 龙岩（The branch of physics develops a brief history (quantum physics quantum mechanics) - longyan） Personal summary, only for communication The branch of physics (quantum physics ─ ─ quantum mechanics) Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that studies the movement of microscopic particles It mainly studies atoms, molecules and condensed matter The basic theory of the structure and nature of nuclei and elementary particles Together with relativity, it forms the theoretical basis of modern physics Quantum mechanics is not only one of the basic theories of modern physics And in chemistry and so on The subject and many modern techniques have also been widely used A brief history of quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics developed on the basis of old quantum theory The old quantum theory includes Plancks quantum hypothesis, love Because of steins quantum theory and Bohrs atomic theory In 1900, Planck proposed the quantum hypothesis of radiation Suppose that the electromagnetic field and the material exchange energy are realized in a discrete form (quantum) The quantum size is proportional to the radiation frequency The proportionality constant is called the Planck constant So you get the black Energy distribution formula of body radiation The black body radiation phenomenon is successfully explained In 1905, Einstein introduced the concept of light quantum (photons) The relationship between the energy and momentum of the photon and the frequency and wavelength of radiation is given The photoelectric effect was successfully explained then He also suggests that the vibrational energy of the solid is also quantum This explains the problem of solid specific heat under low temperature In 1913, Bohr built atomic quantum theory on the basis of rutherfords nuclear atom model According to this theory The electrons in an atom can only move in a discrete orbital Atoms have certain energy Its called the stationary state. And atoms only have to go from one sta