《天体物理前沿系列讲座》SMBH_1.pptVIP

Weighting black hole mass in quasars Virialized gas close to the black hole illuminated by quasars will emit the emission lines, which can be used to estimate black hole mass R and V M=f RV^2/G R -- from continuum and line variations V -- from emission line profile BH mass in the range of 105-1010 M SMBH as massive as 109M was already there when universe is only 10th of its today’s age Quasar across cosmic time I: Lumosity function Croom et al. 2009 Quasars across cosmic time: integrated number density Quasars across cosmic time: Quasar black hole mass function Kelly et al. 2010 Black hole mass density in quasars a strong peak at z~2 SMBHs in the center of galaxies today are remnants of past quasar activity Soltan 1982；Small Blandford 1992；Yu Tremaine 2002 Relic black hole mass density is linked to integrated quasar luminosity function, and can be estimated from observations. Black hole mass can be obtained by using black hole-galaxy correlation and galaxy luminosity functions Quasars and local SMBH Continuous equation of black hole mass: Can be obtained observations in principle If accretion is dominated process responsible for BH growth, then S=0 ? black hole mass function at any cosmic time ! But: black holes do merges !! Relic black mass function 小 结 星系中心的黑洞怎么探测？ 恒星、气体动力学 + 引力红移 高光度+快速光变 现在是否有充分的证据？ 银心暗质量 R/Rs～10-100 其他星系 直接 R/Rs~10^5 是否每个星系中心都有超大质量黑洞？ 每个有核球星系 中心黑洞和星系是否相关？ 与星系的核球质量或者引力势 大质量黑洞怎么来的？ 吸积气体：活动星系核阶段 * Image credit: NASA/University of Massachusetts/D. Wang, et al. Learn more: /photo/2002/gcenter/index.html * * Image credit: Marina Rejkuba (ESO-Garching) et al., ISAAC, VLT ANTU telescope, ESO Paranal Observatory Learn more: /apod/ap030806.html * Image credit: NASA/SAO/R. Kraft, et al. Learn more: /photo/2001/0157blue/index.html * Optical image: Palomar Observatory, Digitized Sky Survey X-ray image: NASA/CXC/M. Forman et al. Learn more: /photo/2004/m87/index.html