情态动词 and 虚拟语气.docVIP

情态动词 and 虚拟语气[摘要] 在学生学习英语的过程中，情态动词和虚拟语气这一大块是掌握和应用的一个难点，为帮助同学们拨开迷雾，找到攻克该难点的有效方法，本文给出详尽的讲解并富有经典例句。 [关键词] 情态动词 人称 语气 平时练习甚至高考中常把情态动词和虚拟语气放一起来考察，为帮助同学们正确区分相似点，现将该模块总结如下： 一、情态动词 有一定的词意，但词意不完整，不能独立使用，和后面动词原形一起构成谓语，常无人称和数的变化。 1.had better （1）后接不带to 的动词不定式，翻译成“最好”You had better not go home. 注：You had better…用于同辈或晚辈，不用于对长辈。 （2）had better have done…表与过去事实相反的假设或愿望，该点归于虚拟语气一节。 I had better have bought a larger coat. 2.should, ought to （1）翻译成“应该”，两者同义，但ought to口气稍重些。You should go to class right away. （2）表推测，常是对现在或未来的推测，翻译成“应该…了吧” The famous writer has just finished his latest novel and the book should be published in a month or so.If we work now, we ought to finish it before lunch. （3）表达责备、遗憾、后悔等语气的情况，这点属虚拟语气。 ｛should/ought to have done…表过去本应做而实际上未做 ｛shouldnt/oughtn’t to have done…表过去本不该做而实际上却做了 You should/ought to have come earlier, but you didnt. You oughtn’t to have left home without a word. 注：He should have finished the work by now. 表推测，归于上一条。 （4）should 用于第一人称表征求意见。Should I open the door? （不用ought to） （5）should 用在肯定句中表惊讶等感情色彩，翻译成“竟然”或以how 、why开头的句子。You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to the lady. 3.must （1）表说话人主观上的看法，表义务或强制，语气最强烈。翻译成“必须”。 You must use your heart to learn English well. （2）表必然性。翻译成“会、能”。 Given enough time, he must finish it. （3）用于疑问句，表询问对方的意愿。 ----Must we hand in our exercise books today?----Yes, you must. ----No, you don’t have to ( you needn’t ). 注：否定回答不用mustnt，它表禁止。 （4）用于肯定句中，表有把握的猜测或假设。翻译成“一定是”。 ｛对现在或未来情况的肯定推测：must do （否定cant/couldn’t do ） ｛对现在正在进行状态的推测：must be doing （否定cant/couldn’t be doing ） ｛对过去已发生情况的推测：must have done （否定cant/couldn’t have done ） Judging by his accent, he must be from the south. Tom bought a lot of apples, he must like eating apples. ----Where is Tom?----He must be studying in the classroom. ----Where is Tom?----He must have been to Shanghai. 4.have to （1）强调客观需要，或外界环境、情况的制约。翻译成“不得不”。有时态之变。 I