状语从句表象及深层.docVIP

状语从句表象及深层摘要： 状语从句为人们所熟知，正因这样，人们往往望文生义，落入陷阱。其实，状语从句的意义往往不存在于句子的结构――表象，而存在于句子的深层。状语从句性质不稳定，其语义功能既能弥漫于句子的表象又能潜身于语言的深层。语意功能在深层产生了混合与交替。这是值得人们深刻研究的问题。 关键词： 状语从句 表象 深层 语义功能 《英语语法学》（姚善友，1965）的状语分类更为精细：地点状语、时间状语、方式状语、比较状语、程度状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语和伴随状语。在状语这同一结构形式里，各式各样的状语所表达的语义功能既明确又朦胧。明确，才分类出这么多的状语；朦胧是因为各种状语从句之间的深层语义功能存在着混合和交替。我们以人们熟知的时间状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句为例。 一、时间状语从句 when，while等常指时间，引导时间状语从句，但是，时间状语从句还有其他用法。 1. 时间状语从句有时在意念上相当于地点状语从句，例如： It is right in front of you as you cross the bridge.（=It is right in front of you where you cross the bridge.）就在你过了桥的前面。 2. 时间状语从句有时具有条件从句的意义，例如： a.He tells his girlfriend that when he has a son，he wont make him study all the time，as his father makes him（=if he has a son，he wont make him study all the time，as his father makes him）.（l.60，p.229，BⅠ）他对女朋友说，等他有了儿子，他不会像他父亲逼他那样逼自己的儿子整天读书。 b.While one finds company in himself and his pursuits，he cannot feel old，no matter what his years may be.一个人只要自己在工作中不感到寂寞，那么无论年纪有多大，也不觉得老。 c.When everybody redoubles his exertions in his work this can be completed ahead of schedule.只要人人加倍努力工作，这个可以提前完成。 d.The American Revolution was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework，such as later occurred in France and Russia，when both were already independent nations.美国革命并不像后来发生在法国和俄国的革命那样，在本身已经是独立国的情况下迅猛地推翻一种政治和社会体制。 e.Energy can be measured only while it is being transformed，transferred，released，or absorbed.能量的量度只有在能量的转变、传递、释放或吸收过程中才能进行。 3. 时间状语从句有时具有让步状语从句的意义，例如： a.While our children seem better-natured than ever，they are so ignorant.（l.12，p.227，BⅠ）（=Although our children seem better-natured than ever，they are so ignorant.）虽然我们的孩子似乎比以往任何时候都要温厚和气，他们却如此无知。 b.While the idea of love among animals has been generally rejected by science， doubts remain.（l.78，p.189，BⅠ）（=Although the idea of love among animals has been generally rejected by science，doubts remain.）虽然科学界普遍不接受动物间存在爱的看法，但是疑问仍未消除。 c....every possible angle of every story over and ov