简析初中阶段被动语态用法.docVIP

简析初中阶段被动语态用法【摘要】被动语态是初中英语语法教学中一个重点。本文详细介绍了被动语态的构成和几种特例。语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明句中主语和谓语的关系。它包括主动语态和被动语态。主动语态(The active voice)表示主语是动作的执行者,动词形式为主动语态;被动语态(The passive voice)如果主语是动作的承受者,动词形式为被动语态。 【关键词】被动语态 特殊用法 语态 一、被动语态的基本结构 被动语态的基本结构是“be +动词的过去分词”,而对于动词的各种时态的被动语态结构要做相应的变化。初中阶段掌握的各种时态的被动语态如下:1.一般现在时:主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词 例如:English is spoken in England. 2.一般过去时:主语+was/were+spoken+动词的过去分词 例如:The book was written by Lu Xun. 3.一般将来时:主语+will/be going to be+动词的过去分词 例如:More trees will be planted in the next year. 4. 现在进行时:主语+am/is/are being+动词的过去分词 例如:The Word Cup is being held in Germany now. 5.现在完成时:主语+have/has been+动词的过去分词 例如:Papers and printing have been used for age. 6.情态动词:主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 例如:The old woman must be sent to the hospital a once. 二、使用被动语态情形 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者如: (1)The table is made of wood.(2)The house was built in 1950.(3)He was wounded in the fight.2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时,如:(1)The sound of piano is heard in the next room.(2)Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away.(3)没有要指出谁是动作的执行者时,如: More trees must be planted every year. 三、主动语态和被动语态的转换主动语态变为被动语态时,应注意三个方面:1.把主动句中的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分,如果主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为相应的被动语态的结构.3.把主动句中的主语改为“by+原主语(主格变宾格)”,放在主谓结构之后,在意思明确时by短语可以省略。 四、被动语态需要注意的地方 1.只有及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。例如:Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.(have taken place不可表达为have been taken place,因为take place为不及物动词)。 2.含有双宾语的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况:(1)把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍留在原位.(2)把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。动词:send,pass,give,take,bring等后要加介词to;动词:make,buy,sing等后要加介词for例如:She gave the boy a pen.The boy was given a pen.或The pen was given to the boy.3.短语动词是不可分割的整体,许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。改为被动语态时,要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可漏掉。这样的短语有:look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of ,etc.4.主动句中在感官动词see, look at, hear, listen to, feel, watch, notice及使役动词make, let, have等动词后应跟不带to的动词不定式,而在被动句中应加上不定式符号如:ttp://www.省略(1)I sa