语音信号处理中英文翻译.docxVIP

附录：中英文翻译15SpeechSignalProcessing15.3AnalysisandSynthesisJ esse W. FussellA fte r an acousti c spee ch s i gnal i s conve rte d to an ele ctri cal si gnal by a mi crophone, i t m ay be desi rable toanalyzetheelectricalsignaltoestimatesometime-varyingparameterswhichprovideinformationaboutamodel of the speech producti on me chanism. S peech a na ly sis i s the process of e stim ati ng such paramete rs. Simil arl y , g ive n some parametri c model of spee ch production and a se que nce of param eters for that m ode l,speechsynthesisistheprocessofcreatinganelectricalsignalwhichapproximatesspeech.Whileanalysisandsynthesistechniquesmaybedoneeitheronthecontinuoussignaloronasampledversionofthesignal,mostmode rn anal y sis and sy nthesis methods are base d on di gital si gnal processing.AtypicalspeechproductionmodelisshowninFig.15.6.Inthismodeltheoutputoftheexcitationfunctionisscaledbythegainparameterandthenfilteredtoproducespeech.Allofthesefunctionsaretime-varying.F IGUR E 15 .6 A ge ne ra l spee ch productionmodel.F IGUR E 1 5 .7 W ave form of a spoken phone me /i/ as i nbeet.Formanymodels,theparametersarevariedataperiodicrate,typically50to100timespersecond.Mostspee ch inform ati on is containe d i n the porti on of the si gnal bel ow about 4 kHz.Theexcitationisusually modeledaseitheramixtureorachoiceofrandomnoiseandperiodicwaveform.For hum an spee ch, v oi ced e x citati on occurs w hen the vocal fol ds in the lary nx vibrate; unvoi ce d e x citati onoccurs at constri cti ons i n the vocal tract w hi ch cre ate turbulent a i r fl ow [Fl anagan, 1965] . The rel ati ve mi x ofthesetwo types ofexcitationisterme d “voicing.”Inaddition,theperiodic e xcitation i s characterizedbyafundamentalfrequency,termedpitchorF0.Theexcitationisscaledbyafactordesignedtoproducetheproperampli tude or level of the spee ch si gnal . The scaled ex citati on function i s then fi ltere d to produce the properspe ctral characte risti cs. W hile the filter m ay be nonli near, i t i s usua