Characterization of radioactive waste and packages（放射性废物和包的描述）.pdf

Characterization of radioactive waste and packages Peter Ivanov Acoustics & Ionising Radiation National Physical Laboratory, UK IAEA WS RER9106/9009/01, Visaginas, Lithuania, 24-28 August 2015 Contents: • Characterization objectives; • Characterization strategy; • Characterization process; • Methods and techniques for characterization • Scaling factors/nuclide vectors/nuclear fingerprints • Conclusions. CHARACTERIZATION OBJECTIVES: The objective of radiological characterization is to provide a reliable database of information on: • type of radionuclides • quantity • distribution • physical properties • chemical states Characterization involves: • survey of existing data • calculations • in situ measurements • sampling • analyses CHARACTERIZATION OBJECTIVES: Using characterisation results next stages can be planned: •operating techniques: decontamination processes, dismantling procedures (hands on, semi-remote or fully remote working) and tools required; •radiological protection of workers, general public and environment; •waste classification; •resulting costs. Comparison and optimization of these factors will lead to the selection of a decommissioning strategy, i.e. typically, immediate or deferred dismantling INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION At the very beginning, the purpose is to collect sufficient information to assess the radiological status of the facility and identify any problem areas. Data collected during this initial characterization step are generally based on available information, including historical operations documentation, and are used in: •planning the overall decommissioning programme;