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INTRODUCTION Definition Computer Numerical (介绍定义计算机数值)
INTRODUCTION
Definition
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is one in which the functions and motions of a machine
tool are controlled by means of a prepared program containing coded alphanumeric data.
CNC can control the motions of the workpiece or tool, the input parameters such as feed,
depth of cut, speed, and the functions such as turning spindle on/off, turning coolant on/off.
Applications
The applications of CNC include both for machine tool as well as non-machine tool areas.
In the machine tool category, CNC is widely used for lathe, drill press, milling machine,
grinding unit, laser, sheet-metal press working machine, tube bending machine etc. Highly
automated machine tools such as turning center and machining center which change the
cutting tools automatically under CNC control have been developed. In the non-machine tool
category, CNC applications include welding machines (arc and resistance), coordinate
measuring machine, electronic assembly, tape laying and filament winding machines for
composites etc.
Advantages and Limitations
The benefits of CNC are (1) high accuracy in manufacturing, (2) short production time, (3)
greater manufacturing flexibility, (4) simpler fixturing, (5) contour machining (2 to 5 -axis
machining), (6) reduced human error. The drawbacks include high cost, maintenance, and the
requirement of skilled part programmer.
ELEMENTS OF A CNC
A CNC system consists of three basic components (Figure 2):
1 . Part program
2. Machine Control Unit (MCU)
3. Machine tool
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