moment of inertia SRJC（惯性矩 SRJC）.pdfVIP

Moment of Inertia David Whetstone Physics 4A Lab Instructor: Lynda Williams mr.fixit@ April 26, 2005 1 Objective The objective is to experimentally determine the moments of inertia of both a solid disk and a ring and to compare these values with those calculated using the known formulae for moment of inertia. 2 Theory Moment of inertia is defined simply as an object’s resistance to change in angular mo- mentum. It is the rotational analog to mass or inertia in translational motion. The moment of inertia (I) of a basic solid of uniform density can be calculated by first deriving an appropriate formula from the general formula I = (x2 + y2)dm. Formulae have already been derived for most basic shapes, making it easy to obtain their moments of inertia. Even moments of inertia for more complicated solids can be calculated if these solids can be decomposed into basic shapes for which the moments of inertia are known. But not every object lends itself well to easy calculation of moment of inertia. If an object has non- uniform density or uneven weight dis- tribution it can be difficult, if not im- possible, to calculate moment of in- ertia. In these cases, moment of inertia can be experimentally deter- mined. In this lab, we construct an apparatus to measure the moment of inertia of an arbitrary object by converting a portion of the gravitational potential energy of an object of known mass into rotational ki- netic energy of the object to be measured (see Figure 1). The mass m is suspended from a string at height h which (after passing through two pulleys to change its orientation) is wound around the axle (ra- Figure 1: Moment of Inertia Apparatus dius r) of a rotating table. From the law of conservation of energy, the gravitat