孕期营养与母婴健康专题讲座.pptVIP

孕妇饮食注意原则 饮食结构 注意事项 五谷杂粮 饮食应多样化，不应偏食； 适量摄入豆类食物，防止引起胃部胀痛； 不应过多的摄取热量，以免发胖 不能食用刺激性食物、冷冻或冷饮制品等； 小心发霉的食物； 水果蔬菜 多吃水果，且不可过量； 不应多食山楂、甘蔗、桂圆，这些会引发其它流产和疾病。 大量吃蔬菜； 菠菜要适量，影响锌钙的吸收； 不吃马齿笕菜，容易引起流产； 蛋奶鱼肉 常食定量的蛋奶； 适量食肉，防止营养过剩； 适量食用猪肝，防止维生素A过剩而影响其它维生素吸收； 不喝骨头汤补钙，因为骨头汤中钙不溶解而难于吸收； 不能吃：鲨鱼、旗鱼、方头鱼、鲭鱼王，因为这些汞含量大； 不吃动物的胎盘，多食会影响胎儿的发育； 不吃火锅，防止寄生虫感染； 佐料 少吃盐、糖和油； 少吃：辣椒、花椒、茴香、桂皮、八角、五香粉等； 饮品 不喝含有咖啡因的饮料； 不喝含有酒精的应料； 不要过食冷饮； 补品 谨慎食用各种大补品：人参、鹿茸、 不能吃黄氏，黄氏会引发流产； 其它 少吃方便面食品； 少吃罐头食品； 少吃油杂食品； 少吃零食，零食损害胃肠功能； * * * * The newborns in this study were small but healthy. 1Cunningham FG et al. 1997. Williams Obstetrics, 20th ed. Appleton Lange: Stamford, Connecticut 2Susser M, Stein Z. Timing in prenatal nutrition: a reprise of the Dutch Famine Study. Nutr Rev. 1994 Mar;52(3):84-94. * Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000080. Energy/protein restriction for high weight-for-height or weight gain during pregnancy. Kramer MS. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of prescribing a low-energy diet to pregnant women who are either overweight, or who exhibited high weight gain earlier in gestation, on subsequent weight gain, pre-eclampsia, and the outcome of pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register was searched and researchers in the field were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: All acceptably controlled comparisons of protein/energy restriction prescribed to pregnant women who meet one or both of the criteria listed above. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by the author from published reports, and supplemented by additional information from trialists contacted by the author. MAIN RESULTS: Three studies involving 266 women were involved. Energy/protein restriction leads to a significant reduction in weekly maternal weight gain and in birth weight but has no clear effect on either pregnancy-induced hypertension or pre-eclampsia. Other outcomes, including fetal/infant mortality and other measures of maternal morbidity (eg Caesarean section) or long-term nutritio