常微分方程1.5一阶线性方程 Linear first-order equtions.pptVIP

Section 1.5: Linear First-Order Equations  Concepts of integrating factor; 积分因子； linear first-order equation; 一阶线性微分方程; Solution of linear first-order equation; 一阶线性微分方程的解法； Existence and uniqueness theorem for linear first-order equation; 一阶线性微分方程解的存在唯一性定理； Mixture problems. 溶液的混合问题。 Section 1.5: Linear First-Order Equations  Concepts of integrating factor; 积分因子； An integrating factor for a differential equation is a function p (x , y) such that the multiplication of each side of the differential equation by p (x , y) yields an equation in which each side is recognizable as a derivative. For instance: that is, For this reason, the function p (y) = l/y is called an integrating factor for the original equation in ( 1 ). Section 1.5: Linear First-Order Equations  linear first-order equation; 一阶线性微分方程; Method: Solution of linear first-order equation : We multiply each side in Eq. (3) by the integrating factor: Finally, solving for y, we obtain the general solution of the linear first-order equation in (3): Section 1.5: METHOD: SOLUTION OF FIRST-ORDER EQ. 2. Then multiply both sides of the differential equation by the integrating factor p(x); 1 . Begin by calculating the integrating factor; 3. Next, recognize the left-hand side o f the resulting equation as the derivative of a product: 4. Finally, integrate this equation Theorem 1: Existence and uniqueness theorem for linear first-order equation (P48) If the functions P (x) and Q (x) are continuous on the open interval I containing the point Xo, then the initial value problem has a unique solution y (x) o n I , given by the formula in Eq. (6) with an appropriate value of C. Theorem 1: Existence and uniqueness theorem for linear first-order equation (P48) constant C in Eq. (6)-as needed to solve the initial value problem in Eq. ( 1 1 )-can be selected automatically by writing Example 3 Solve the initial value problem Mixture Problems(P50) As a first application of linear first-orde