我构词法.docVIP

高中英语构词法总结整理 第一部分：转化法（由一个词类转化成另一个词类） 变化形式 例 示 1.动词转化为名词，这类动词变为名词后，常跟have, make, take等词搭配表示一个动作。 have a look / talk / wash / swim / rest / break / try / go / quarrel / smoke / dream / fight / ride / drink / laugh / dance / bath / interview make a study / guess / visit / call / change / stay / answer / reply / promise / record / charge (控告) / offer (提议) / request take a seat / drive / look / bath 2. 表示具体实物的名词课转化为动词。 write a book --- book a ticket a safety pin ---pin papers together a bicycle chain---chain a boat to a tree a map of Europe--- map the South Pole a drop of water---water the flowers a row of buttons--- button up your coat 3.表示身体某部分的名词可以转化为动词。 shake hands with the foreigners--- Hand in your assignment, please. The stone hit him on the head.--- Head straight for the factory. Her face turns red with cold.--- Her house faces south. Take a child in one’s arms.--- be armed to the teeth. 4.表示某类人的名词可转化为动词。 The nurse on duty is nursing the patient. He is no fool at all and you can’t fool him easily. send for a doctor; doctor a cold 5. 表示抽象概念的名词可转化为动词。 Time is a bird for ever on the wing.--- Take a deep breath and I’ll time you. Won’t you stay for lunch? ---I’ll lunch you well at Beijing Hotel. We have a good summer holiday this year.--- We summered at the seaside the other day. 6. 有些形容词可作动词用。 Your watch is five minutes slow.--- Slow down your car in the crowded streets. Let’s sit in the shade and get cool.---Open the windows to cool the room. An empty house--- Please empty out all your pockets 第二部分：派生法（在词根上加前缀构成新词） 前缀 意 义 例 示 表示否定意义的前缀 1．dis－加在名词、形容词，动词之前。 disappear（消失），disarm（解除武装），disconnect（失去联系）disadvantage（缺点）dishonorable（不光彩的）disagree（不同意）disable, disabled, disability, disappoint, disaster, discount, discover discuss, dishonest, dismiss, disobey, disturb, disrespectful, disgusting, dishonest, dislike, disrupt, distinguish, distribute, disagree, disappear, discomfort, discontinuously, disfavour, dishonorable, disorganized, disunity