biological membranes and transport (Ch. 12)课件.ppt

Chapter 11 Biomembranes and Transport Across Biomembranes;暴穗圃膏辩屋缨肪床浦夕伶窝勃正皋受篙拽翻凛语怀乳独绑之待甥哎矛庭biological membranes and transport (Ch. 12)课件biological membranes and transport (Ch. 12)课件;A cell body;A celium;mitochondrion;A digestive vacuole;The endoplasmic reticulum;A secretory vesicle;1. Biomembranes are organized, sheetlike assemblies consisting mainly of proteins and lipids; 1.1.3 Biomembranes control the flow of information between cells and their environment through specific receptors on the plasma membrane (signal transduction). 1.1.4 Eukaryotic cells have an extensive internal membrane system dividing cells into various compartments (forming different organelles). ; 1.1.5 The two most important energy conversion processes, photosynthesis (occurring in the inner membranes of chloroplasts) and oxidative phosphorylation (ocurring in the inner membranes of mitochondria) are carried out by membrane systems. 1.1.6 Certain biosynthesis (e.g., synthesis of lipids and some proteins, smooth ER?) occur on biomembranes. ;1.2 Many common features underlie the diversity of biological membranes. 1.2.1 All membranes share a “three-layer”, sheet-like appearance (of 6 to 10 nm thick) under electron microscopic examination, with two electron-dense layers separated by a less dense central region. 1.2.2 All membranes are closed entities. ; 1.2.3 Membranes consist mainly of lipids and proteins with mass ratio ranges between 1:4 to 4:1 (membranes with different functions have different proteins, some lipids and proteins have covalently linked carbohydrates). 1.2.4 Membranes contain specific proteins (e.g., pumps, channels, receptors, energy transducers, and enzymes) to mediate their distinctive functions. ; 1.2.5 All membrane lipids are amphipathic that form bilayer structures spontaneously in aqueous media. 1.2.6 Membranes are cooperative noncovalent assemblies. 1.2.7 Membranes are always asymmetric with two different faces. 1.2.8 Membranes are fluid two-dimensional struct