Bob Nosoc(翻译)课件.pptVIP

Surveillance and Descriptive Epidemiology for Hospital-Acquired Infections 院内感染的监测与描述流行病学;Epidemiologic Triad 流行病学三要素Organizing your epidemiologic thinking组织流行病学思维;Many special host factors modify the epidemiology of hospital infections 许多特殊的宿主因素影响医院感染流行病学;Exposures to infectious agents differ greatly from the community.感染性病原体的暴露与社区明显不同;The hospital microenvironment creates a special opportunities for contamination and transmission.医院的小环境为污染和传播创造特别的机会;The hospital has special transmission pathways.医院存在特殊传播途径;The host-agent interaction results in 3 states.宿主-病原相互作用的3种状态;What is a case definition? 什么是病例定义?;Why use a case definition?为什么使用病例定义?;Disease Identifiers: 疾病识别指标：;Epidemiologic criteria流行病学标准;The case definition may have levels of certainty. 病例定义可按确定程度分多个水平;Infectious gastroenteritis: Example case definition 感染性胃肠炎：病例定义示例;Surgical site infection: Example case definition 手术部位感染：病例定义示例;Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Example case definition医院感染肺炎：病例定义示例;Neonatal sepsis: Example case definition新生儿败血症：病例定义示例;Urinary Tract Infection: Example case definition 泌尿道感染：病例定义示例;Cases of hospital infection can be incidence or prevalence医院感染病例可是发病也可是患病;For the following patients which represent incidence or prevalence of infection?下列病人谁是发病或现患病人？;10 cases of a disease amonga population of 100 100人的人群中有10例病人;Incident cases by ward, 1999发病数按病房分布(1999);Proportionate Frequency Incident cases by ward, 1999 按病房分布发病比例(1999);The number of patients always determines the number of cases 病人数总是决定病例数;We correct our comparisons by calculating rates that include the number of patients.包括病人数的率较正比较;Rates are necessary to compare incidence data or prevalence data比较发病或患病资料时率是必须的;What are some common types of rates used in epidemiology?流行病学常用的率有哪些?;A person-time rate corrects for the time period that each patient was exposed.按每个病人的暴露时间较正的人-时率;An example calculation of a person-time rate for individuals. 人时计算例子;What is misleading about this comparison? 下列比较会引起什么误解?;But,