常见语法问题.docVIP

　　常见语法问题 1． 主语单一原则 主语单一指的是句子中必须有主语，而且必须唯一，这一原则在主句和从句中都是适用的。 例1．____in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert ents related to the sense of smell are more easilyer_____than those related to perception of color. (A) setting them up (B) to set up (C) set up (D) set up those (01/97 14) Key：C 分析：主句谓语动词是被动语态，easily是副词，修饰set up。（注意，在考试中还有一个经常考的考点是主语 + 系动词 + 不定式表示被动意义，如The book is easy to read. “easy” 是形容词，所以后面用不定式。 3． 主谓结构 例3． Copper_____used by humans and is second only to iron in its utility through the ages. (A) the first metal (B) etal (C) the first metal that (D) being the first metal (10/98 7) Key：B 分析：由and连接的并列的句子可以看出，前面应该是一完整的句子结构，现在缺少谓语成份。只有(B)有谓语动词ans过去分词做定语修饰metal。 4． 宾语成份 。常考类型包括：及物动词后的宾语成份，激磁后需加的宾语成份，某些词或词组带双宾语的固定用法。 例4．Formerly called natural philosophy,physics has retained_____of understanding the structure of the nature ena. (A) its original aim (B) it aimed originally (C) its original aim ing originally （10/98 3） Key：A 分析：主语缺少宾语，只有(A)是名词性短语，可以作为句子的宾语。Of 后面的成份作为宾语的修饰成份。 ． 定语成份 句子定语成份一般是指做句子主语和宾语成份的修饰词，一般为形容词和形容词短语，也有分词形式的定语，一般把它归为分词结构这一考点中。 例5．Jupiter,the closest of the giantplas to Earth,has_____solid surface and is surrounded by zones of intense radiation. (A) not (B) nor (C) no (D) neither (10/96 7) Key：C 分析：空格处缺少宾语solid surface 的修饰语，仅C符合条件。 6． 表语成份 常考内容包括名词，形容词和介宾短语。 例6．The Pulitzer Prize has been_____in American literature for more than seventy years. (A) the aost prestigious that (B) the most prestigious aost (D) most prestigious aation on the chemical position of the Moon because available in 1969_____of the first Apollo mission to land on the Moon. (A) aintain their dignity. (A) Most is (B) It mostly is (C) Is it most (D) ost (05/98 5) Key：D 分析：(A)(B)(C)都会造成主句谓语动词重复，（D）ers estimate ______called the Pleiades in the constellation Taurus is 415 light-years a Earth. (A) that a loose cluster of stars (B) a loose cluster of stars is (C) that is a loose cluster of stars (D) there is a loose cluster of stars (08/01 11) Key：A 分析： estimate是及物