长期施肥对土壤的作用.docVIP

长期施肥对红壤性水稻土有机氮组分的影响* 摘要：采用Bremner 1965年提出的土壤有机氮分级方法，通过16年的田间定位试验，研究了长期不同施模式对红壤性水稻土有机氮组分的影响。结果表明，长期纯化肥处理对土壤各氮素含量的作用不明显。有机物料循环，特别是有机肥和化肥配施著提高了土壤矿质氮和有机氮的含量，提高幅度分别为55.2%和38.8%。就酸解性氮组分而言，有机物料循环显著提高了土壤铵态氮、氨基糖氮和未知氮的含量，提高幅度分别为36.5%，68.4%和73.9%。其与化肥配施后，氨基酸氮含量的也显著提高，提高幅度达到71.1%，但是降低了未知氮的含量，降低幅度为34.5%。相关分析表明，铵态氮、氨基酸氮、氨基糖氮是土壤矿化氮的重要来源。有机肥和化肥配施是增加稻田土壤易矿化有机氮库的重要措施。 关键词：长期施肥；红壤性水稻土；有机氮组分；矿化氮 中图分类号：147.2 文献标识码 A Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Organic Nitrogen Component in Paddy Soil of Red Earth Abstract：A 16-year long-term fertilization experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization on soil organic nitrogen component in paddy soil using the method proposed by Bremner in 1965.The main results are as follows: When only chemical fertilizer was applied, the content of soil nitrogen was slightly influenced. organic matter cycling，expecially application of chemical fertilizer and manure greatly increased the contents of mineralizable N and organic nitrogen in the soil, increasing by 55.2%、38.8%, respectively. As far as the component of acid hydrolysable N was concerned, Organic matter cycling treatment significantly increased ammonium N (AN), amino sugar N (ASN) and hydrolysable unidentified N (HUN), increasing by 36.5%,68.4% and 73.9%, respectively.While which was applied with chemical fertilizer, amino acid N was also significantly increased , increasing by 71.1%, but it decreased HUN. Besides, from the correlation coefficients between mineralizable N and organic component, the mineralized N was mainly from the AN, ASN and ASN. So application of chemical fertilizer and manure is an effective way for increasing soil easily decomposed fraction nitrogen capability of paddy soil. Keywords: Long-term fertilizer experiment, paddy field of red earth; soil organic nitrogen component; mineralizable N 作物所吸收的氮素大部分来自土壤，而多数表层土壤90%以上的氮素为有机氮[1]。土壤有机氮主要包括有机残体中的氮和土壤有机质或腐殖质中的氮两大类。有机氮组成复杂，迄今有关有机氮的知识主要是从酸解研究中得出，Suzuki(1906)可能是第一个把水解蛋白质的方法移用于研究土壤有机氮的人[2]。此后，Van Sl