初中复合判刑.docVIP

第十一讲 复合句 复合句是由一个或一个和几个从句构成的句子。主句是句子的主体，从句只能在整个句子中作一个成分，不能独立。从句在句中作什么成分，就叫什么从句。 定语句子 在复合句，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放先行词之后。引导定语从句的词叫关联词。常见的关联词有关系代词that which who whom whose和关系副词where when why等。它们都在定语从句中担任成分。现分述如下： 1定语从句如果修饰人，常常用关系代词who，有时也用that(作主语时多用who).例如： He is a man who/that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。 如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语，就应当用whom 或that，但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略，且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如： Here is a man( who/that/whom) you should like to see.这就是你想见的那个人。 值得注意是，如果在介词的后面就只能用whom。例如： The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。 如果表示“…的”时，就用who的所有格whose。例如： Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor?我们班有谁的父亲是当医生？ Whose的先行词也可是物。例如： The house whose windows face the street is my uncle’s窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。 2.定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that的时候较多，有时也用which。例如： It’s a computer which/that costs six thousand yuan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。 当这个代词在从句中用作定语时，往往都会把它省略。例如： The present(that / which)you gave me is very beautiful.你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。 在介词的后面只能用which。例如： This is the book about which they are talking.这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。 3.定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时，用关系副词when。例如： I will never forget the day when I met her.我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。 4.定语从句修饰地点名词，用关系副词where。例如： This is the place where we lived for five years.这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。 5.定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时，用关系副词why。例如： I know the reason why she didn’t come yesterday. 注意： ●先行词为物时，which 与that的区别。 1.在下列情况下，通常只用that. 1)当先行词为 none, one, few, little, all, many, much, every, something, everything, anything, nothing时。例如： She did all that she could to help him. Is there anything else that you require. 2)当先行词被some, every, little, few ,many ,much ,all ,any ,no ,none等词修饰时。例如： There is little water that you can drink. You can take any seat that is free. 3)当先行词被 the same, the last, the only ,the right, the very等词修饰时。例如： It’s the last place that we want to visit. This is the very film that we enjoy. 4)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如： This is the first exam that we have this term. This is the best novel that I have read. 5)当先行词既有人又有物时。例如： He talked happily of the men and the book that interested