基本英语语法汇总.docVIP

一致关系 ? 句子的各个成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性别等方面保持一致，称为一致关系。通常必须遵循语法一致、意义一致和毗邻一致三个原则。最主要的一致关系是主谓一致。 1. 主谓一致 1) 根据语法一致的原则，作主语的名词或代词的人称和数必须和谓语动词一致。 The style of the new comic books is far superior to the old style. ① 单数名词 + with (along with, together with, combined with, as well as, rather than) + 名词或代词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。 Mary, with her younger sister, is to leave this evening. John, rather than you, is responsible for the accident. ② and 连接的两个名词作主语时，指同一人或物，用单数谓语动词（通常 and 后的名词前没有冠词）；指不同的人或物时，用复数谓语动词（通常 and 后的名词前有冠词）。 His coach and friend was present that day. The coach and the friend were present that day. ③ 由 both...and 连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both my brother and I are college students. ④ 由 either of 或 neither of + 名词或代词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Neither of them has learned how to write a business letter. ⑤ 在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句修饰复数名词，从句的谓语用复数形式。但在“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，从句的谓语用单数形式。 Tom is one of the boys who are fascinated in playing computer games. Tom is the only one of the boys who is not interested in playing football. ⑥ 由“many a, more than one 等 + 名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a boy likes to play ping pang in his spare time. More than one student has said so. 但 more than one 做主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。 More than one has / have tried to dissuade her from marrying a foreigner. 2) 意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数不是取决于主语的单复数，而是根据其所表达的意思而决定。 ① 集合名词 army, class, committee, couple, group, family, team, government 等作主语，表示具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 His family are all tall. (此句中 family 指 family members) His family is very large. ② 集合名词 police, folk, people, cattle, youth 等作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。 The police are searching for the criminal. ③ 表示时间、度量、重量、温度、金钱的复数名词作主语时，其意义是一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Three years at college seems quite short for the students. Fifty dollars is enough for me to buy that book. 3）毗邻一致指的是谓语的单复数形式取决于其最邻近的名词的单复数形式。 ① 由 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与邻近的主语一致。 Neither my brothers nor Tom is coming to the party. ② 如果主语是 and 连接的两个单数名词，且前面有 every, each, ma