关于新闻广播语言节奏的特点.docVIP

新闻播音语言节律特点初探 李晓华 (中国传媒大学 北京 100024) [摘要]本文运用实验语音学的研究手段，通过对广播电视新闻播音的真实语料进行声学分析，考察了新闻播音语言节律的特点，重点对语节的时长结构和时域变化进行了分析，主要结论如下：1.语节的时长分布可以归纳出两种截然不同的模式——尾长型和首长型，以尾长型为常态模式，以首长型为调节模式。2. 语节中音节增加总时长会递增，但音节均值却递减。这种相反的时长变化趋势，是语节保持内聚性的一种方式。3.语节时域的伸缩范围约在350－1100 ms之间。语节时长按类型排序：重音语节普通语节句尾语节轻音尾语节。4.尾长型模式在节律形成中起主导作用。尾音节时长的相对稳定，尾长型语节的反复出现，是形成节律感的重要前提。 [关键词]新闻播音;语言节律;语节;时长模式 Research on the Prosodic Features in News Broadcasting Li Xiaohua Abstract: By means of acoustical analyses on real speech materials of news broadcast, the dissertation investigated the prosodic features and rules of news broadcast. It emphasizes the research on the duration models of the basic speech chunk (consists of 1-4 syllables).The main results are as followed: ⑴ The speech duration model of news broadcast consists of two different types: extended -tailed model and extended -headed model; the first one is a normal model while the second one is a regulative model. ⑵ The duration of basic chunk is increased when the number of composed syllables is increased, but the average duration of syllables is decreased. The inner modulation between them is a way by which the basic chunks keep their cohesion. ⑶ The duration range of basic chunk is from 350ms to 1100ms. The order of length which lies on the types of basic chunk is as following: stressed normal at the end of sentence finality with light syllable. ⑷ The extended-tailed model plays a leading role while producing the prosody. The duration of its last syllables is relatively stable, when the extended-tailed speech chunk is repeated one by another, which are the important clue to perceive the rhythm. Key words: news broadcasting; speech prosody; basic speech chunk; time model —————————————— [作者简介] 李晓华，中国传媒大学教授，文学博士，主要从事中国播音学、汉语语音学、传媒有声语言研究。 一、新闻播音语言节律研究 新闻播音是广播电视有声语言中最具典型意义的言语表达样式，它节奏明快、连贯流畅，非常适合新鲜感强、信息密集的消息播报。 《广播电视辞典》中对“新闻播音”是这样解释的：新闻播音是“经过广播电台、电视台把新闻稿件用有声语言传送出来的播音创作。这里特指消息的播音。新闻播音的语言必须具有庄重、朴实、清新、明快的特点。”“播音员应具有一定的新闻敏感，它是‘了解情况，把握政策’、长期积累的过程在话筒前的凝聚和