太湖地区水稻追肥的氨挥发损失和氮素平衡-中国生态农业学报.PDFVIP

2011 1 19 1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Jan. 2011, 19(1): 3236 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.00032 * 周 伟 1, 2 田玉华1** 尹 斌1 (1. 210008; 2. 100049) 15 采用密闭室通气法和 N 微区试验, 对太湖地区水稻不同生育期追施氮肥的氨挥发损失、水稻对氮 肥的吸收利用和土壤氮素残留情况进行了研究。结果表明, 氨挥发损失主要发生在施肥后 1 周内, 峰值出现在 施肥后1~2 d, 氨挥发速率变化与田面水NH4+-N 浓度变化规律一致, 分蘖肥和穗肥氨挥发损失率分别为16.7% 和6.3%; 水稻分蘖肥的作物氮素利用率低于穗肥, 分别为36.7%和49.6%, 主要原因是穗肥的氨挥发损失较少, 并且更易于向籽粒转移; 2 次追施氮肥的表观损失率分别为52.8%和40.7%; 在土壤中残留肥料氮为10.6%, 大 都集中在0~20 cm 土壤中, 耕层以下较少。本结果表明, 在水稻孕穗时期施氮肥有利于提高氮肥利用效率、减 少氮肥损失, 主要体现在穗肥拥有较低的氨挥发损失率和较高的籽粒利用率。 稻田 氨挥发 施氮量 氮肥利用率 太湖地区 : S143.1 : A : 1671-3990(2011)01-0032-05 Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen balance after topdressing fertilization in paddy fields of Taihu Lake region 1,2 1 1 ZHOU Wei , TIAN Yu-Hua , YIN Bin (1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture; Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) Abstract Ammonia volatilization, N fertilizer fate and soil residual nitrogen at different rice growth stages were investigated via continuous air-flow enclosure method and field 15 N micro-plot experiment in gley paddy soils in Taihu Lake region. Results showed that ammonia volatilization occurred within one week and peaked in 1~2 days after fertilization. The rate of ammonia volatilization changed with NH4+-N concentration in surface water. Ammonia volatilization