第三讲 核外电子排布与周期律（Chapter 3 the arrangement and periodic law of extra nuclear electrons）.docVIP

第三讲 核外电子排布与周期律（Chapter 3 the arrangement and periodic law of extra nuclear electrons） Chapter 3 the arrangement and periodic law of extra nuclear electrons [syllabus requirements] 1. know the meaning of elements, isotopes, isotopes, mass numbers, and draw the atomic structure diagram of element 1~18 The 2. can be combined with relevant data and facts (experimental configuration of extranuclear electrons, the atom radius, valence, the main elements of the corresponding high valence oxide hydrate alkali, metal and nonmetal etc.) understanding of the periodic law of elements 3. understand the relation between atomic structure and element properties, know the concepts of cycles and families, and describe the structure of periodic table of elements [basic review] Atomic structure () 1. atoms () () Nuclear charge number (Z) = = = number. Mass number (A) = + 2. isotopes: write three sets of isotope particles called each other:,,. Note: the chemical properties of isotopes are almost identical, but the physical properties are different. Example 1. A group of isomers of the following substances are () A. ethanol and acetic acid, B. butane and isobutane C.12C with 13C, D., diamond and graphite In February 22012, Xinhua reported that Canada had developed a simple method for producing Tc, a medical radioisotope. The following statement about Tc is correct () The A. atomic number is 99 B., the mass number is 43 C., the neutron number is 99 D., and the electron number is 43 3. write the schematic diagram of the following particles: S2, N, Cl, P, Na +. Two. Periodic law of elements Change rules of 1.. Elements in the periodic table of the elements of nature: Nature Same cycle (left, right) The same dominant family (upper, lower, lower) Atomic radius Metallicity Nonmetallic The main valence High acid and alkali oxide corresponding hydrate Formation, difficulty and stability of nonmetallic gaseous hydrides The determination of the metallicity and non metallicity of the 2. elements: 1