大学预科班语法讲义-韩洋概要.docx

Preparation Course for College EducationBy Jack HahnChapter One一. 简单句和并列句1. 简单句的五种形式：（1）主语+谓语(不及物动词）；（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语；（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语；（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5）主语+系动词+表语。两类系动词：①be动词；②一些实义动词用作系动词：feel, taste, smell等；2. 并列句：一个句子当中包含两个或更多互不相依存的主谓结构，中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。并列句不能只用逗号隔开，而要用连接词连接。连接词：（1）并列关系句型：连接词有and, as well as, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…eg: Last year I met kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it.（2）转折概念并列句型：转折词有buteg: It has no mouth,but it can talk.（3）对比关系的并列句型：eg: He liked sports,while I would rather collect stamps.练习：2009年6月阅读 Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences.（简单句） Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes .（并列句）简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。二、句子成分句子六大成分：主谓宾、定状表。主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成，定语：修饰名词；状语：修饰形容词或者动词；表语：接在系动词后面；（一）.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。1人称代词：第一、二、三人称，主格、宾格、所有格； I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its. 2 物主代词①形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, our, their，后面加名词；②名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs，后面不能加名词。eg: May I borrow your pen? Mine is missing.3反身代词：通过反身代词指代主语，使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。 eg：I myself took Mary to the airport.I cooked it myself. 4. 指示代词：this, that, these, those5. 不定代词：some，someone，something，any，anyone，anything，no，no one，nothing，all，both，neither，either，each，every，everybody，everyone，everything.一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别：（1）all, each, every：① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物；all可以表示所有东西的总和，是一个不可分割的整体； each只能表示两个或两个以上的人，侧重个体；② all和every侧重整体，each侧重个体； eg：Every staff of the university contributed to the fund.Two girls came, and I gave an apple to each.　（2）everyone＆every one everyone等同于everybody，all people ，指的是所有的人； eg：Everyone thinks they have the right to be here. every one既可以指人，也可以指物，强调一个个体，通常用every one of ； eg：Every one of us has faults and shortco