烯烃的简介（The introduction of olefin）.docVIP

烯烃的简介（The introduction of olefin） Refers to the olefin containing C=C bonds (C-C) (olefinic bond) hydrocarbons. Belong to the unsaturated hydrocarbon, divided into alkenes and cyclic olefin. According to the number of double bond are mono olefin, diene etc.. There is a double bond is easily broken, so will react with. Single chain olefin molecular formula for CnH2n, C2 - C4 at room temperature for gas, is a nonpolar molecule, insoluble or slightly soluble in water. Double bond groups are functionalized olefin molecules, with reaction activity can occur, hydrogenation, hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration, halogen halogen acid, sulfuric acid, esterification time ring oxidation and polymerization reaction, can also fracture oxidation of double bond, aldehyde and carboxylic acid. By alkyl halides and sodium hydroxide was prepared: RCH2CH2X + NaOH - RHC=CH2 + NaX + H2O (X chlorine, bromine and iodine) But also by the dehydration of alcohols or by two adjacent alkyl halides and zinc was prepared. Light olefins mainly from petroleum cracking gas. There are many cycloolefine in plant essential oil, many can be used as a spice. Alkene as important raw materials in organic synthesis, for polyolefin and synthetic rubber. [editor this paragraph] physical properties Physical properties of alkenes and alkanes contrast. The physical state depends on the molecular mass. Simple olefins, ethylene, propylene and butylene gas, olefins containing five to sixteen carbon atoms in the liquid, the higher olefin is waxy solid. C2 ~ C4 to C5 ~ C18 olefin gas; liquid solid; more than C19. In n-alkenes, along with the relative molecular mass increases, the boiling point. The boiling point of the same carbon number n-olefins than branched olefin with high boiling point. The same carbon olefin frame, double chain end to shift by boiling point, melting point chain, increased. The boiling point of trans olefins than CIS olefins with low boiling point, and a high melting point, this is because of