Chapter2phonetics分析.ppt

Phonetics 赵永峰 Natural Sounds no systematic meaning Speech Sounds a code system. Scope of Phonetics Organs of Speech Classification of Speech Sounds The Transcription of Sounds Scope of Phonetics Speech is a purposeful human activity. Phonetics is the scientific study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with defining and classifying speech sounds. A complex set of physical operations takes place when a spoken message from a speaker to a hearer. From this speech chain, we can see that the speech chain consists of three stages: the production of the message, the transmission of the message and the reception of the message. Thus, we can approach it from different aspects. articulatory phonetics（发音语音学） acoustic phonetics（声学语音学） auditory phonetics . （听觉语音学） It should be noted that these three branches are closely related to each other. Speech sounds cannot be divorced from the organs that articulate them, a sound wave does not exist in isolation from the source that generates it, and so on. Articulatory phonetics deals with the identification and classification of individual sounds. It attempts to provide a framework of the nature of speech sounds and how they are produced.  Acoustic phonetics focuses on the analysis and measurement of sound waves. It studies the physical characteristics of speech sounds as they are determined and measured by machines, and attempts to deduce the acoustic basis of speech production and perception. Auditory phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech. According to Ball and Rahilly (1999:178), the listener must perceive or hear the speech signal and decode it into its meaningful components so that he can understand it correctly. organs of speech sounds （见课本16页） the Pharyngeal cavity---the throat 咽腔 the oral cavity---the mouth口腔 the nasal cavity---the nose 鼻腔 Process of producing speech Definition of Consonants Vowels Consonants: the sounds in the production of which there is