until用法.docxVIP

until?的?用法????until的用法对初学英语者而言，因为常遇和常用,所以既是重点，也是难点，下面就对until的用法进行浅析。　●until具有介词(prep．)和连词(conj.)的双重词性，意为“直到……为止”。　当until作为介词时，后面跟名词。?? He didn’t stop working until his death．　当until 作为连词时，后面引导一个时间状语从句。?? He didn’t stop working until he died．　●难点1---当until作连词,引导时间状语从句。???? 时态根据语境不同，出现以下两种情况：　1)事情还未发生（仅表示一种打算）这时主句用一般将来时，until后的从句,要用一般现在时。?　There will be a wonderful match tonight． I will watch it until it finishes．? 有时，在从句中还能用现在完成时代替一般将来时。?　Dont get off the bus until it has stopped．　2)陈述过去发生过的事，那么主句与从句都用一般过去时。?　Last night there was a wonderful match． I watched it until it finished．? 有时，陈述常发生的事，那么主句与从句都用一般现在时。? In the afternoon Jack reads books until his father comes back from the office.　●难点2---“until＋某一时间点”谓语动词如果是瞬间动词，必须要用否定形式。? 例如：　I will stay here until you come back． (stay是可延续动词/非瞬间动词)? In the afternoon Jack reads books until his father comes back from the office.(同上)? Last night she didnt go to bed until 11:00.（go to bed为瞬间动词）　?? I wont leave here until you come back． （leave为瞬间动词）? 那么,当谓语动词是个瞬间动词,却用了肯定式，呵呵，就只能用before而不能用until;? before常意为“没来得及……”或“……才……”等。? 例如：　He almost knocked me down before he saw me．(他差一点在看到我前就撞倒了我)? 如果喜欢用until，句子就必须把用否定形式：? He didnt knock me down until he saw me．(直到看到我了,他才撞倒我.)附--什么叫“瞬间动词”?理论上讲完全可以望文生意，明白；但是拿些具体动词分析，就更容易掌握了:?? 就拿睡觉---有非瞬间动词/延续性动词sleep；和瞬间动词go to bed；?? 比较----1）Last Friday I?slept?until the phone rang．?????????? 2）Last Friday I?didnt go to bed?until the phone rang.?? 再拿离开---有非瞬间动词/延续性动词be away；和瞬间动词leave；?? 比较----3）He will?be away?from the city until this winter comes．?????????? 4）He?wont leave?until this winter comes.(上述四句的意思)1)上星期五我一直睡到电话铃响起。2)上星期五直到电话铃响我才去睡。3)今冬来临前他一直离开此城市。4)要到今冬,他才离开该城市。