Applications IADC（应用中国）.pdfVIP

DOWNHOLE TOOLS DH–5 be determined by comparing stand pipe pres- sure between shifts of the tool. A noticeable psi difference in SPP will be seen when shifting between flow to the bit and flow to the annulus (Figure DH-3). The amount of pressure differ- ential seen depends on the size of the tool and restrictions in the BHA below. Temperature will not affect the maximum flow rate of the tool since a steel ball and seat are used. Applications LCM Placement The most common application for circulating subs today is placing aggressive LCM pills in lost circulation zones in the formation. Due to LCM’s nature to plug holes in the formation it is inherently hard to pass through BHA com- ponents with small through bores or passag- es, such as bits, downhole motors and MWD tools. Circulating subs are typically placed above these components and allow the use of aggressive LCM pills that would generally Figure DH-3: The 4 possible conditions in a multi-opening clog up these BHA components. Circulating circulating sub. Courtesy National Oilwell Varco. sub ports have large annular port diameters that are much harder to clog than bit jets or MWD bores. Once the circulation sub is activated, fluid only passes through these large OD ports and on to the annulus, thus bypassing the more sensitive BHA below. It is not un- common to need to bypass the BHA multiple times during a single run due to lost circulation. For this reason, circulation subs with the ability to shift from bypass (flow to annulus only) to non-bypass (flow to the bit) are often used. Wellbore cleanout In wellbore cleanout applications, whether while drilling or Figure DH-4: Multi-open