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The Role of Rheology in Polymer Extrusion (在聚合物挤出流变学的作用)
The Role of Rheology in Polymer Extrusion
John Vlachopoulos
Department of Chemical Engineering
McMaster University
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
E-mail: vlachopj@mcmaster.ca
David Strutt
Polydynamics, Inc.
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
1.0 Rheology
Rheology is the science of deformation and flow of materials [1]. The Society of
Rheologys Greek motto Panta Rei translates as All things flow. Actually, all materials do
flow, given sufficient time. What makes polymeric materials interesting in this context is the
fact that their time constants for flow are of the same order of magnitude as their processing
times for extrusion, injection molding and blow molding. In very short processing times, the
polymer may behave as a solid, while in long processing times the material may behave as a
fluid. This dual nature (fluid-solid) is referred to as viscoelastic behavior.
1.1 Viscosity and Melt Flow Index
Viscosity is the most important flow property. It represents the resistance to flow.
Strictly speaking, it is the resistance to shearing, i.e., flow of imaginary slices of a fluid like the
motion of a deck of cards. Referring to Figure 1.1, we can define viscosity as the ratio of the
imposed shear stress (force F, applied tangentially, divided by the area A), and the shear rate
(velocity V, divided by the gap h)
SHEAR STRESS F / A
(1.1)
= = =
SHEAR RATE V / h
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