利用生物方法改性农业废弃物制备吸油材料的研究.docVIP

利用生物方法改性农业废弃物 制备吸油材料的研究  摘 要 溢油污染因其对环境与经济的影响引起了全球性的关注。如果不快速清除溢油污染，它将造成巨大的环境破坏。使用吸油材料回收水面上的油污是防治石油污染水体的一种方法，人们已经注意到了吸油材料的研制和应用。吸油材料的品种多，但目前应用最多的是以合成有机高分子物质及天然纤维为原料制成的吸油材料。本文综述了已被研究用于石油去除的广泛吸附材料的吸附性质，特别是它们在溢油清除领域的应用。主要讨论了疏水性二氧化硅气凝胶、沸石、有机黏土和自然吸附材料，如洋麻、棉、马利筋丝绵和农业秸秆，其中许多已被证明是具有优良的吸油性质的吸附剂。为了提高这些木质纤维材料的吸附能力，尝试了多种改性方法。本文综述了一些化学改性法能提高自然吸附剂的吸附能力。最近发现一些新的改性技术能代替化学方法，其中生物酶改性技术是一个环境友好型改进过程。综述了多种生物酶性质，展望了它们应用于改性生物质材料中的前景。 关键词：自然吸附剂；石油吸附；化学改性；生物酶改性 Abstract Oil spills are a global concern due to the environmental and economical impact. Spilled oil causes immense environmental damage unless it is removed as quickly as possible. Using oil absorption materials recycling oil spill on the water is a kind of method of preventing and controlling oil spill polluted water, people have noticed the research and application of oil absorption material. Oil absorption material breeds more, but the largest present application is the oil absorption material which is made of synthetic organic polymer and natural fibers as raw material. This paper reviews the absorbing properties of the wide variety of oil sorbent materials that have been studied for application in the removal of organics, particularly in the area of oil spill cleanup. The discussion is especially focused on hydrophobic silica aerogels, zeolites, organ clays and natural sorbents, such as kenaf, cotton, milkweed floss, and straws, many of which have been demonstrated to exhibit (or show potential to exhibit) excellent oil absorption properties. In order to improve the adsorbing properties of lignocelluloses such as cereal straw, many attempts have been made to modify the surface of lignocelluloses. Chemical modification of its constituents can achieve these aims. Recent studies have suggested new alternatives for chemical treatment; one of these involves the use of enzymes for eco-friendly processing. The areas for further development of some of these materials are identified. It Reviews a variety of enzyme properties and look fo