法医物证学-昆明医科大学.docVIP

昆明医科大学法医学院 《法医物证学》简 答 题 和 问 答 题 习 题 集 1.血痕检验的程序和目的（The program and purpose bloodstain inspection ） 答：血痕检验的程序：（1）肉眼观察；(2)预试验；（3）确证试验；（4）种属试验；（5）遗传标记测定；（6）其他检测等。 血痕检验的目的：（1）提取和送检的可疑斑痕是否是血痕。（2）血痕是人血还是动物血。（3）确定人血后，检测血液的遗传标记，进行个体识别。（4）其他检验，如血痕的性别、出血量、出血时间及出血部位推断等。 The bloodstain inspection program: (1) the macroscopic observation; (2) preliminary experiments; (3) corroborate trial; (4) species trial; (5) genetic markers determination; (6) other detection, etc. The purpose of the bloodstain inspection: (1) the extraction and a total of suspicious spot mark bloodstain. Whether (2) detection is human blood or animal blood. (3) sure blood, blood after detecting genetic markers, on individual identification. (4) other inspection, such as bloodstain gender, the bleeding, bleeding bleeding and time estimation. 2.简述PCR技术的原理,反应体系组成以及在法医学中的应用 （Briefly the principle of PCR technology, reaction system composition and in the forensic applications ） 答：PCR技术的原理：类似于DNA的天然复制过程，在体外试管内，以一对特异性的寡核苷酸为引物，四种脱氧核苷酸为底物，待测DNA为模板，在DNA聚合酶的催化作用下，通过高温变性，低温退火，中温延伸的温度循环，选择性扩增特异性目的DNA片段的过程。 反应体系组成：（1）模板DNA（2）引物（3）dNTP（4）Mg+2(5)TgqDNA聚合酶（6）温度循环参数。 法医学中的应用：法医学中PCR技术有以下几个特点：（1）灵敏度高（2）特异性高（3）适用于降解DNA检材（4）种属特异性好（5）PCR操作简单。 PCR technology similar to the principle: the DNA of the cloning process, natural in vitro test tube with a pair of specificity, for the oligonucleotide microarray primers, four kinds of deoxidizing nucleotide as the substrate, to be tested for DNA, DNA polymerases template, under the catalysis of through high temperature, low temperature, annealing, denaturation temperature cycle, the temperature extension selective amplification specific purpose DNA fragments of the process. Reaction system composition: (1) template DNA (2) primer (3) dNTP (4) Mg + 2 (5) TgqDNA polymerase (6) temperature cycle parameters. Application: in forensic science forensic PCR technology has the following characteristics: (1) high sensitivity (2) highly specific (3) apply to degradation DNA screening materials (4