14、执师考点-内分泌（14, the division test site - endocrine）.docVIP

14、执师考点-内分泌（14, the division test site - endocrine） Endocrinology 1, endocrine etiology diagnosis: 1) the cause of hypofunction is autoimmune diseases, tumors, bleeding, infarction, surgical injury. 2) the cause of hyperthyroidism is tumor, autoimmune disease and hyperplasia. 2, endocrine localization diagnosis: including imaging examination, radionuclide scanning. 3, endocrine and metabolic diseases treatment: 1) the treatment of hyperthyroidism: surgery, radiation therapy, drug treatment (inhibition of hormone synthesis and release). 2) the treatment of hypofunction: alternative therapy (supplement of physiological requirement), promotion of hormone synthesis and release, and enhancement of hormone sensitivity. 4, pituitary adenoma size classification: diameter greater than 10 cm is large adenoma; less than 10 cm is small adenoma. 5, according to the classification of pituitary tumor is the most common function: prolactinoma (PRL), clinical amenorrhea - galactorrhea syndrome; followed by growth hormone secreting adenomas, clinical cause gigantism, acromegaly. 6, prolactinoma is menstruation, amenorrhea, infertility, most sustained triggering lactation, huge tumors can be headache, hemianopia and visual field defect. Treatment with dopamine agonists is the first choice, mainly bromocriptine. Surgery is transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection. 7, growth hormone secreting adenoma (CH): onset before puberty for gigantism; onset after puberty for acromegaly. 8, cardiovascular disease and diabetes complications are the major cause of death in patients with acromegaly. 9, surgical treatment is the treatment of growth hormone secreting adenoma is preferred, transnasal sphenoidal sinus approach; somatostatin analogues in the treatment of acromegaly most drugs, such as octreotide. 10. The most common cause of hypopituitarism is pituitary adenoma, and the most severe and typical is the necrosis of pituitary gland caused by postpartum hemorrhage (Sheehans syndrome). 11, h