我国城镇化与农村劳动力转移的制约因素分析.docVIP

我国城镇化与农村劳动力转移的制约因素分析 内容提要：城镇化不仅是农村劳动力的产业转移，同时也是劳动力的区域转移，即移民定居。为农村劳动力提供城镇就业机会，营造适宜他们生活的社会环境，是城镇化健康发展的重要条件。但是，目前我国却面临着城镇化进程滞后的问题，农村劳动力向城镇转移还面临着诸多困难。正确认识这些困难和提出积极有效的解决方案是当前我国城镇化快速健康发展的当务之急。为此，本文首先分析了当前我国城镇化和劳动力转移的现状，指出了其问题所在，之后从理论层面指出了刘易斯和托达罗人口迁移模型的缺陷，接着系统分析了我国城镇化和劳动力转移面临的五种制约因素，并在此基础上提出了一些政策建议。 关键词：城镇化；劳动力转移；制约因素 Analysis on restriction factors of urbanization and rural laborer transference of our country Abstract: The urbanization is not only the rural labor force industrial transference, simultaneously also is the labor force regional transference, namely immigrates to settle down. Provide the cities employment opportunity for the rural labor force, build the social environment suitable for their life, both are important conditions for the urbanization healthy development. However, our country is facing a problem that the urbanization process lags behind; the labor force transference is also facing many difficulties. Correctly understand these difficulties and propose the effective solution is the current urbanization fast healthy development urgent matter. Therefore, this article has first analyzed the present situation of the urbanization and the labor force transference in our country, afterwards pointed out the flaws of William Arthur Lewis and M.P.Todaro’s population migration models from the theoretical boundary, then systematically analyzed the five kinds of restriction factors that the urbanization and the labor force transference faced, and put forward some policy proposals in this foundation. Key word: Urbanization; Labor force transference; Restriction factor 我国城镇化与农村劳动力转移的制约因素分析 一、我国城镇化与劳动力转移现状 2004年，国家统计局在全国31个省（区、市）对6.8万个农村住户和7100个行政村抽样调查，推算出当年外出就业农民工约为1.18亿人，占农村劳动力的23.8%。农业部根据对1万个农户的跟踪调查，推算出外出农民工约为1亿人，占农村劳动力的21%。劳动和社会保障部根据对全国地级以上城市（不含县级市和县域）流入农民工的统计，推算出农民工约为9000万人。经过对上述三个部门的数据和统计方法进行分析，综合有关部门和专家的意见，我们认为：目前我国外出农民工数量为1.2亿人左右；如果加上在本地乡镇企业就业的农村劳动力，农民工总数约为2亿人。 农民工外出就业实现了产业非农转移，并且主要集中于劳动密集型产业。但由于大中城市面临着产业结构的升级与优化，传统的劳动密集型产业已不是他们发展的主要方向。所以，从长期来看，这些农村劳动力存在着“失