第十章 泌尿系统（The tenth chapter urinary system）.docVIP

第十章 泌尿系统（The tenth chapter urinary system） The tenth chapter, the urinary system.Txt mature, not the heart becomes old, but the tears in the eyes, but still keep smiling. It is not easy to do all the ordinary things, not only the ordinary, but also to do all the simple things right. The tenth chapter urinary system Ranking explanation: Excretion: refers to the body the metabolites produced in the process of The new supersedes the old. ingested, and useful substances, drug overdose, foreign body, via blood circulation, discharge of physiological processes in vitro from different excretory organs. Nephron: the basic unit of the kidney. Each nephron is composed of renal corpuscles and tubules. Dense spot: located at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule, the epithelium narrowed and high, and the cells arranged tightly, forming an oval disk like aggregation area called dense spot. Podocyte, the glomerular epithelial layer, has a special morphology and is composed of many foot like processes called podocytes. Para cell: in the small segment of the afferent arteriole approaching the glomerulus, some smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall become epithelioid cells called the paracellular cells. Glomerular effective overvoltage: the power of glomerular filtration. The pressure depends on the size of the three forces, the effective filtration pressure = the blood pressure of the glomerular hair cell blood vessel (plasma colloid osmotic pressure + intracapsular pressure) Renal sugar threshold: the highest glucose concentration in the urine without glucose. The normal value is 9 - 10mmol/l (160 - 180mg%) Tube balance: no matter whether the glomerular filtration rate increases or decreases, the reabsorption rate of the proximal tubule always accounts for 65% - 70% of the filter rate, which is called the balance of the tube. The physiological significance is that the final urine volume does not change greatly due to the increase or decrease of glomerular filtration rate