兽医常用药物医学.docVIP

兽用常见抗菌药物及正确选用 Common veterinary antimicrobial drugs and the correct selection 姓名：朱赵伟 班级：兽医硕士 学院：生命科学与技术学院 兽用常见抗菌药物及正确选用 Common veterinary antimicrobial drugs and the correct selection 朱赵伟 西南民族大学,生命科学与技术学院 摘要：抗生素是细菌、真菌、放线菌等微生物的代谢产物及人工合成的抗菌药物，能选择性地抑制和杀灭病原微生物。主要用作化学治疗药，防治动物的各种感染性疾病。抗生素的效价通常以重量或国际单位（IU）表示。50多年来，养殖业从庭院养殖发展为规模养殖，取得了长足进步，畜产品供应充足，抗生素、饲料添加剂功不可没，但也带来了抗菌药物的耐药性和残留问题[1-2]。为了获得抗菌药的最佳疗效，减少副作用、耐药性和降低药物残留，应用抗菌药物的药动、药效同步信息确定最佳给药方案正成为现代药理学发展的一个新方向[3]。中国是一个养殖大国，农村散养户规模大且不容易管理，各种抗生素滥用现象普遍存在。动物病原菌的耐药性可传播给人类，使人类的细菌性疾病更难治愈[4]。 已有证据表明动物体内具有耐药性的病原菌可直接传播给人类或将耐药基因传播给人类的病原菌[5]。正确合理的选用抗生素以迫在眉睫。本文简单介绍了一些兽医临床常用的抗生素及如何合理的应用这些抗生素。 关键词：抗菌素；合理应用；β-内酰胺类；氨基糖苷类抗生素；大环内酯类抗生素；抗真菌抗生素 Summary：Antibiotics are bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and?microbial’metabolites and synthetic antibacterial drugs, can selectively inhibit and kill pathogenic microorganisms. Chemotherapeutic drugs mainly for the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases of animals.Antibiotic titer usually by weight or international units (IU)said.Over the past 50 years, breeding from the courtyard culture development of scale breeding, has made considerable progress, adequate supply of animal products, antibiotics, feed additives to cannot be done not have, but also brought the antimicrobial drug resistance and residual problems[1-2].In order to obtain the best effect of antimicrobial agents, reduce side effects, drug resistance and reduce drug residues, application of antibacterial drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of synchronization information to determine the optimal dosing regimen is becoming a new direction of the development of modern pharmacology[3].China is a farming country, rural backyard households are large in scale and not easy to manage, overuse of antibiotics phenomenon.Drug resistance pathogenic bacteria of animal can be transmitted to humans, the bacterial disease in humans are more difficult to cure [4].There is evidence that animals containing resista