建筑行业包工制农村劳动力使用与城市空间生产的制度逻辑 任焰.docVIP

建筑行业包工制：农村劳动力使用与城市空间生产的制度逻辑 任焰/贾文娟 2012-7-11 15:19:16　　来源：《开放时代》(广州)2010年12期第5～23页 【内容提要】本文试图通过对中国建筑行业普遍存在的包工制——其固有特征、运行逻辑、兴盛原因——的分析，运用马克思主义语境下的劳动力的使用与再生产这一视角重述空间政治经济学在中国的地方性实践，探索城市空间生产的制度逻辑。作者认为，包工制的再次兴盛是农民工“拆分型的劳动力使用模式”在空间生产领域中的具体体现，通过包工制度，原本在户籍制度限制之下割裂的农村劳动力的使用与再生产被纳入一个更受限制的空间，它将再生产策略与中国空间和地理的不平等相结合，既满足了城市的发展需要，又满足了资本的弹性积累需要。然而，由此而来的危机所导致的社会冲突随着经济的高速发展愈演愈烈，这些危机终究难以通过将非正式用工普遍化的包工制度得到彻底解决，在城市空间发展和资本积累过程中保障社会和谐的根本力量在于相关制度法规的建立健全和贯彻执行以及城市对于农民工劳动力再生产的承担。　　This paper is an attempt to analyse the innate features, operational logic and the cause of prevalence of the labour contractual system in Chinas construction industry. Employing the Marxist theory of the use and reproduction of productive force, this paper tries to reinterpret the practice of spatial political economics in Chinas localities and explore the institutional logic of urban spatial production. The authors argue that the revival of the labour contractual system embodies the divisive use of rural labour force in the domain of spatial production. Under the labour contractual system, the use and reproduction of rural labour force, which has already been limited by the household registration system, is now further tied down. The labour contractual system combines its reproduction strategy with the inequality of Chinas space and geography, thereby satisfying both the need of urban development and that of the flexible accumulation of capital. However, along with economic development, social conflicts are raging on. The crisis cannot be solved by the labour contractual system which is based on the informal use of labour. To ensure social harmony in urban spatial development and the process of capital accumulation, we need sound laws and regulations and the citys commitment to the reproduction of rural labour force.　　 【关 键 词】包工制/劳动力使用/劳动力再生产/城市空间生产labour contractual system/use of labour force/reproduction of labour force/urban spatial production　　 【作者简介】任焰，中山大学社会学系；贾文娟，中山大学社会学系。　　 　　一、城市发展与资本积累：包工制度重现的社会背景