二极管与电阻（Diode and resistor）.docVIP

二极管与电阻（Diode and resistor） Characteristics and applications of diodes In almost all electronic circuits, semiconductor diodes are needed. It plays an important role in many circuits. It is one of the earliest semiconductor devices and is widely used. The working principle of diode The crystal diode is a p-n junction formed by P type semiconductor and N type semiconductor, and a space charge layer is formed on both sides of the interface, and a self built electric field is set up. When there is no external voltage, the drift current due to the carrier concentration difference between the p-n junction and the self constructed electric field is in the state of electric balance. When the external voltage has a positive bias, the external electric field and the self electric field cancel each other so that the carrier current increases and the forward current is induced. When the external voltage is biased, the external electric field and self electric field are further strengthened to form a reverse saturation current I0 which is independent of the reverse bias voltage in a certain reverse voltage range. When the reverse voltage applied to the high degree, p-n junction space charge layer in the electric field strength reaches a critical value producing carrier multiplication process, resulting in a large number of electron hole pairs, the reverse breakdown current of great value, called the breakdown diode. Diode type There are many kinds of diode, according to the semiconductor material used, can be divided into germanium diode (Ge tube) and silicon diode (Si tube). According to its different uses, can be divided into detection diodes, rectifier diodes, zener diodes, switches, diodes and so on. According to the core structure, it can be divided into point contact diode, surface contact diode and planar diode. Point contact diode with a thin metal wire in semiconductor wafer surface, through the pulse current, so that one end of contact wire and chip sintered firmly tog