java 构造函数调用顺序.docVIP

java 构造函数调用顺序 当一个复杂的对象被构造时,它的构造函数按下面的顺序被调用(that the order of constructor calls for a complex object is as follows) ??? 1.其基类(base-class)的构造函数被调用,这个步骤以递归的方式重复,所以最底层(the root of hierarchy)的构造函数首先被执行,然后是它上一层派生类(the next-derived class)...直到最顶层的派生类(the most-derived class). The base-class constructor is called. This step is repeated recursively such that the root of the hierarchy is constructed first, followed by the next-derived class, etc., until the most-derived class is reached.) ??? 2.如果有包含关系(composition),那么它的成员对象按照声明的顺序被构造. Member initializers are called in the order of declaration. ??? 3.派生类构造函数的内容(body)被执行. The body of the derived-class constructor is called. ??? 一个实例: class?Cake{???Cake(){System.out.println(Cake());}}class?Meal?{??Meal()?{?System.out.println(Meal());?}}class?Bread?{??Bread()?{?System.out.println(Bread());?}}class?Cheese?{??Cheese()?{?System.out.println(Cheese());?}}class?Lettuce?{??Lettuce()?{?System.out.println(Lettuce());?}}class?Lunch?extends?Meal?{??Lunch()?{?System.out.println(Lunch());?}}class?PortableLunch?extends?Lunch?{???//if?make?derived-class?object?as?the?menber?of?the?base-class?will?lead?a?infinite???//loop?and?program?will?stop?because?of?the?memory?consumed??????//private?Sandwich?s=new?Sandwich();???private?Cake?a=new?Cake();??PortableLunch()?{?System.out.println(PortableLunch());}}public?class?Sandwich?extends?PortableLunch{??private?Bread?b?=?new?Bread();??private?Cheese?c?=?new?Cheese();??private?Lettuce?l?=?new?Lettuce();????public?Sandwich()?{????System.out.println(Sandwich());??}????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)??{????new?Sandwich();??}} 输出: Meal()Lunch()Cake()PortableLunch()Bread()Cheese()Lettuce()Sandwich() ?? main()函数中要构造一个Sandwich的对象,调用(并不是执行)它基类PortableLunch的构造函数,PortableLunch又递归的调用,然后是Meal,Meal是继承的最底层的基类(不算Object)所以它的构造函数首先被执行,然后按次序返回到Lunch, PortableLunch,但在PortableLunch的构造函数被执行之前,它的成员对象Cake a先按照声明的顺序被构造.然后执行PortableLunch(),接着是Sandwich的成员对象,最后是Sandwich()