Unit 4 Helpful Schoolmates Grammar 导学案.docVIP

Unit 4 Helpful Schoolmates Grammar 导学案 Direct Speech Indirect Speech 直接引语与间接引语 1．定义：直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。注意：核心标志是直接引语一般有引号。 2．四变化： (1). 主句动词的变化 当直接引语是陈述句时，said---said (that)， /said to ---told sb 当直接引语是一般疑问句时，则变为：asked/ asked sb.+if / whether (注意：如果是选择疑问句用whether)。 当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，则变为: asked sb.+ what等特殊疑问词引导的句子 ( 疑问词后的句子为陈述句式) 当直接引语是祈使句时：则变为ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth. 注意：直接引语如果是表示请求的句子时，则变为：ask sb. to do (要与一般疑问句相区别) (2).从句人称的变化(只使用于陈述句和疑问句) 由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。即：①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。 (3). 从句动词时态的变化(参考资料书P4)。 注意：(1.) 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。 (2.) 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。 (3). 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。 (4). 从句中指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化((参考资料书P5)。 3．三种句型：(见主句动词的变化) 三、例子： 1． He said， “I’m still working because there is a lot to do”. (陈述句) 变为：He said (that) he was still working there was a lot to do. 2． He says， “I’m still working because there is a lot to do”. 变为：He says that he is still working because there is a lot to do. 3. The teacher said to her， “Are you feeling better today”. (一般疑问句) 变为：The teacher asked her if/whether she was feeling better that day. 4．He said to me， “Would you please close the window？” (直接引语是表示请求的句子) 变为： He asked me to close the window. 5. My father asked me， “When can you finish reading this novel”. (特殊疑问句) 变为: My father asked me when I could finish that novel. 6. The teacher said， “The moon travels around the earth once a month ”. (陈述句，客观真理) 变为: The teacher said that the moon travels around the earth once a month. 7．My father told me， “Keep quiet when the teacher is teaching”. (祈使句的肯定形式) 变为: My father told/asked me to keep quiet when the teacher was teaching. 8. My father told me， “Don’ t speak when the teacher is teaching”. (祈使句的否定形式) 变为: My father told/asked me not to speak when the teacher was teaching. 四、练习 “You should be more careful next time