2018年湖南省茶陵县高中英语 Unit 3 Tomorrow’s World Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修4.pptVIP

* Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world The passive voice Modal verbs and the passive voice Verbs often used in the passive voice 句子的主动语态和被动语态在意义上区别很小。在主动语态中，句子的主语是动作发出者；在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的接受者或受影响者。 The lovely robots attracts the visitors. The visitors are attracted by the lovely robots. S. V. O. O. V. S. The Great Wall was visited by many people last year. S. V. O. O. V. S. Many people visited the Great Wall last year. 被动语态的基本形式是 be + 过去分词。通过改变be的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。 e.g. Food is kept in the fridge. The glass was broken by the boy. The passive voice in different tenses: The present perfect The present continuous The simple present The passive voice The active voice Tense do/does are/is done am/is/are doing has/have done am/is/are being done have/has been done The past perfect The past continuous The simple past The simple future be going to/ will do did was/were doing had done be going to/will be done was/were done was/were being done had been done 在用被动语态时还要注意以下几点： 在被动语态中，动作发出者往往置于 by之后，但在不必指出动作发出者是 谁、动作发出者并不重要或很难指出 动作发出者是谁时，一般不提及动作 发出者。 e.g. Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network. 在 give，lend，offer，send，tell和 show 等动词后，可带有两个宾语，分 别指人和指事物。当带有这些动词作 谓语的句子变为被动语态时，通常用 指人的宾语作句子的主语。有时也可 用指事物的宾语作句子的主语。 e.g. Our teacher often tells us some interesting stories in English. We are often told some interesting stories in English. Some interesting stories are often told to us in English. 在主动语态中，有些动词后常接宾语和 不带to的动词不定式。在被动语态中， 则使用带to的动词不定式。 e.g. I often hear the girl play the piano in the afternoon. The girl is often heard to play the piano in the afternoon. 在被动语态中，有时get可用来代替 be，如get changed，get dressed和 get hurt等。 e.g. My bike got stolen last night. You’d better get changed quickly, as the party will begin soon. The eggs seem to have got broken. 有些动词可用主动语态形式来表示被 动意义。 e.g. This sweater washes well. The pen writes smoothly.