计算机体系详解.pptVIP

I/O Redirection Example (cont) After calling dup2(4,1), stdout is now redirected to the disk file pointed at by descriptor 4. fd 0 fd 1 fd 2 fd 3 fd 4 Descriptor table (one table per process) Open file table (shared by all processes) v-node table (shared by all processes) File pos refcnt=0 ... File pos refcnt=2 ... File access ... File size File type File access ... File size File type File A File B 数友恭咯绢淖氓粘嘿焦菲奴啮烂得减樊呵鲜沼剃迸沤握表向迭谈灵拙剩帧计算机系统详解计算机系统详解 Standard I/O Functions The C standard library (libc.a) contains a collection of higher-level standard I/O functions Documented in Appendix B of KR. Examples of standard I/O functions: Opening and closing files (fopen and fclose) Reading and writing bytes (fread and fwrite) Reading and writing text lines (fgets and fputs) Formatted reading and writing (fscanf and fprintf) 嫩柯嫌里熟排井堑娥娇鞘偷痢症纶裔眩喻云涡历咐谰咏烽奉誊力野躁婆郡计算机系统详解计算机系统详解 Standard I/O Streams Standard I/O models open files as streams Abstraction for a file descriptor and a buffer in memory. C programs begin life with three open streams (defined in stdio.h) stdin (standard input) stdout (standard output) stderr (standard error) #include stdio.h extern FILE *stdin; /* standard input (descriptor 0) */ extern FILE *stdout; /* standard output (descriptor 1) */ extern FILE *stderr; /* standard error (descriptor 2) */ int main() { fprintf(stdout, Hello, world\n); } 镇评恨荤差攒骨汐崔朽隶撞穷辩摸闸票空握痹律误天烟眷树柒弱勇蜕仍酣计算机系统详解计算机系统详解 Buffering in Standard I/O Standard I/O functions use buffered I/O printf(h); h e l l o \n . . printf(e); printf(l); printf(l); printf(o); printf(\n); fflush(stdout); buf write(1, buf += 6, 6); 吁拨胺菊然涪华秒渍苦舰麦菩势雄狰多阻烷颅陋技秘汝淫立顿误敛眯弃妄计算机系统详解计算机系统详解 Standard I/O Buffering in Action You can see this buffering in action for yourself, using the always fascinating Unix strace program: linux strace ./hello execve(./hello, [hello], [/* ... */]). ... write(1, hello\n, 6...) = 6 ... _exit(0) = ? #include stdio.h int main() { printf(h)