可控纳米粒与子及其化学合成法.pptVIP

可控纳米粒子及其化学合成法 博士生：王 刚 导 师：李 灿 韩崇仁 2006. 4.10 Content Introduction Preparation methods for nanoparticles through chemical synthesis Prospect Conceptual Origin of Nanotechnologies Nanotechnologies --design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometre scale. Conceptual underpinnings of nanotechnologies were first laid out in 1959 by the physicist Richard Feynman, in his lecture ‘There’s plenty of room at the bottom’ (Feynman 1959). The term ‘nanotechnology’ was not used until 1974, when Norio Taniguchi, a researcher at the University of Tokyo, Japan used it to refer to the ability to engineer materials precisely at the nanometre level (Taniguchi 1974). Nanomaterials have structured components with at least one dimension less than 100nm. Materials that have one dimension in the nanoscale (and are extended in the other two dimensions) are layers, such as a thin films or surface coatings,computer chips. Materials that are nanoscale in two dimensions (and extended in one dimension) include nanowires and nanotubes. Materials that are nanoscale in three dimensions are particles, for example precipitates, colloids and quantum dots, nanocrystalline materials. Why nanomaterials differ significantly from other materials? Two principal factors: 1.Increased relative surface area As growth and catalytic chemical reactions occur at surfaces, this means that a given mass of material in nanoparticulate form will be much more reactive than the same mass of material made up of larger particles. 2.Quantum effect {optical, electrical and magnetic properties} Generic preparation methods of nanomaterials * 博士生 Seminar II Length Scale Showing the Nanometre Nanoscience and nanotechnology July 2004 The Royal Society The Royal Academy of Engineer Nan