在语境中提高初中语法教学的有效性上海第五十四中学方玉清初中.docVIP

在语境中提高初中语法教学的有效性 上海市第五十四中学 方玉清 一、初中语法教学观念上所存在的问题 课程标准明确指出：英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向，强调课程从学生的学习兴趣。Mr. Wang， John，和Andy三个人物的新年愿望。学生在寻读（scanning）的同时，接触到了本堂课的目标语法 “if”条件状语从句。 2、在游戏语境中感悟语法意义 为了引导学生对所接触到的语言材料进行更进一步观察，笔者鼓励学生对三个人物的其余新年愿望进行猜测。在设计接龙猜测游戏中，笔者根据学生的实际语言水平，注意游戏难度的坡度，由易到难逐渐提升。 〔教学片断１〕 T: If Mr. Wang sells a lot of used cars, he’ll receive a large year-end bonus. This is Mr. Wang’s first wish. He has more wishes. What are they? （用课件呈现图片，然后直接告诉学生第二个愿望。） T: If he receives a large year-end bonus, he will travel widely. T: If he travels widely, he will probably meet a famous person. Who? Let’s guess. （用课件呈现图片并给予学生必要的提示，图片结合最近所学的课文内容，结果出乎学生意料，开拓了学生思维，增加了游戏的趣味性。） S1: If he travels widely, he will probably meet Fisherman Wang Damin. S2: If he meets Fisherman Wang Damin, he will see Damin fish with his cormorants with his own eyes. 〔教学片断2〕 在对最后一个人物Andy的新年愿望进行猜测时，笔者没有给学生任何提示，要求他们独立造句。由于有了先前的铺垫，学生思维活跃给出了各种答案。 T: What about Andy’s next wish? If it snows next month, Andy’s school will probably be closed. If his school is closed, he will … Ss：If his school is closed, he will have a longer winter holiday. If his school is closed, he will stay at home and play video games all day. If his school is closed, he will feel sad. … 3、在竞赛语境中探索语法规则 初中语法教学应采用“归纳为主，演绎为辅”的教学策略。归纳法能促使学生主动参与学习活动，有利于培养学生的观察、思维、分析和综合等能力，有利于提高学生探究学习和自主学习的能力。在学生做出了各种猜测后，笔者给出了含有Andy四个愿望的一个语段，鼓励同学即兴背诵，然后归纳“if”条件状语从句的特点，最后笔者加以点评小结。 〔教学片断3〕 T： Please read Andy’s wishes and try to memorize his wishes. Then I want you to recite his wishes. Let’s see who has got the best memory? S： If it snows next month, Andy’s school will probably be closed. If his school is closed, he will have a longer winter holiday. If he has a longer winter holiday, he will go to Beijing to visit his grandparents. If he goes to Beijing, he will certainly take a chance to see the Bird’s Nest and the Water Cube. He’s sure it will be an unforgettable trip. （背诵时，笔者隐去上述斜体动词词组，给与学生提示，引导学生关注语段中的时态变化