木兰林管局华北落叶松高世代种子园营建技术-河北木兰围场林管局.docVIP

木兰林管局华北落叶松二代种子园营建技术研究 Establishment technique of second-generation seed orchards for Larix principis-rupprechtii in Mulan Forestry Administration (Mulanweichang National Forestry Administration of Hebei Province, Weichang County, 068450) 摘要：作为全国经营面积最大的华北落叶松良种基地，木兰林管局华北落叶松良种基地二代种子园历经二期建设，规模达到42hm2，遗传增益65%，年产种子250kg，通过了国家林业局良种审定。本文从砧木培养、接穗采集、苗木嫁接、园区选择、园区区划、建园整地、无性系配置、无性系定植和母树管理等主要技术环节对不同时期的二代园建园成功技术进行分析和阐述，通过技术措施的改进和创新收到了良好的实际效果，认为科学进行园区选择、苗圃培育嫁接苗、扩大群体选育范围、无性系配置设计和加强二代园的精细管理是提高建园质量的有效措施。 关键词：二代 无性系 种子园 营建技术 研究 Abstract: The second-generation seed orchards of Larix principis-rupprechtii fine variety base in Mulan Forestry Administration have become the largest business area in Larix principis-rupprechtii fine variety bases of China after the second construction. The total area reached about 42 ha, genetic gain 65%, annual yield of seeds 250 kg and its varieties were approved by National Forestry Administration. Successful establishment techniques of the second-generation seed orchards at different stages were analyzed and discussed according to rootstock culture, collection of grafted scion, grafting of seedling, selection and planning of orchard, site preparation, configuration and plantation of clones and management of mother trees, etc. We received good practical effects through these improved methods, which included scientific selection of orchards, cultivating grafting seedling in nursery, expanding the range of breeding and selection, planning clone configuration and strengthening extensive management of second-generation orchards. These are effective measures to improve the quality of orchards. Keywords: second generation, seed orchards, establishment technique, research 1 研究目的 华北落叶松（Larix principis-rupprechtii）具有速生、优质、抗寒、耐旱、耐腐朽、用途广等优良特性，是冀北山地、燕山山系等三北地区发展速生丰产用材林和生态防护林的重要针叶树种。河北省木兰林管局龙头山国家落叶松良种基地始建于1976年，总经营面积587.6 hm2，是全国经营面积最大的华北落叶松良种基地。38年来，在北方4省区完成良种示范推广造林64000hm2，为林业建设做出了巨大贡献。 该基地有种子园100.2hm2，有无性系383个，一代园和二代园的遗传增益分别达到23%、65%，种子园种子于2004年通过国家林业局良种审定。二代园