计算机科学选讲 第九章.pptVIP

Computer Science: an overview Content Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary Database Fundamentals The Role of Schemas Database Management Systems Database Models The Role of Schemas What is database? The term database referring to a collection of data that is multidimensional since internal links between its entries make the information accessible from a variety of perspectives. What is flat file? It is a traditional system. It is a one-dimensional storage system because it presents its information from a single point of view. The emergence of database system To solve the problems that each application tended to be implemented as a separate system with its own collection of data. As a means of integrating the information stored and maintained by a particular organization. (figure 9.1) The Role of Schemas Figure 9.1: A file versus a database organization Figure 9.1: A file versus a database organization (continued) Database Management System A database application (system) involves two software layers The application layer Database management layer (figure 9.2) The role of application software It handles the communication with the database user. It determines the overall system’s external characteristics. The role of database management system The actual manipulation of the database is accomplished by DBMS. Database Management Systems The benefits of the separation of application software and the database management system One is that it allows for the construction and use of abstract tools, which we have repeatedly found to be a major simplifying concept in software design. Second advantage is that such an organization provides a means of controlling access to the database. Still The ability to change the organization of the database itself without changing the application software – data independence Finally, we should note that the application and the database management layers often reside on separate machines and communicate via a network