钢包用耐火材料现状与发展--毕业论文.doc

钢包用耐火材料现状与发展 摘 要 钢包是炼钢工艺所需设备之一。随着转炉寿命的提高，连铸比的增加和炉外精炼技术的进步，钢包处于容量大、钢种多、温度高、时间长等日益苛刻的使用条件，对钢包用耐火材料的要求也不断提高。 世界各国为提高钢包寿命,降低耐火材料消耗,提高现有耐火材料的质量，开发研制了各种新型耐火材料,特别是不定形耐火材料的出现,它不但改进了传统砌筑方法, 而且对钢包寿命也有明显的改善.生产实践表明,包侧壁采用高铝质加20%镁铝尖晶石的浇注料,包底使用高铝砖,渣线使用镁碳砖使用效果最好。 本文总结了近几十年来国内外钢包用耐火材料的使用现状和发展过程。20世纪50~60年代，我国钢包使用的耐火材料主要是各种粘土砖，由于使用费用低，直到80年代还有一些钢厂的钢包仍使用粘土砖。20世纪60年代末，我国有些钢厂的钢包开始使用各种高铝质衬砖，使钢包寿命大幅度提高。20世纪70年代初,蜡石钢包砖,在钢铁企业不同类型的钢包上进行了试用。20世纪90年代，是我国连铸技术快速发展时期，高效连铸技术成为其发展的重心。为了提高连铸钢包使用寿命，适应高效连铸技术发展的需要，我国又开发了钢包用铝镁碳砖等一系列镁质砖，用于各类连铸钢包，使钢包使用寿命大幅度提高。最近十年,我国吸取国外经验开始把耐火砖改为使用不定形耐火材料,用投射、捣打、浇注等方法筑造整体内衬。采用投射施工比砌砖施工节省劳动力50%。投射料有高锆英石质、MgO-质、MgO-质和-C质等。 如今提高钢水纯净度降低生产成本仍是各国共同努力方向。 关键词：钢包，耐火材料，钢包寿命,镁碳砖， Status and development of refractories for ladle ABSTRACT Ladle is one of the equipments needed in steelmaking process. With the increase of the life of converter, continuous casting ratio increase and refining technology, large capacity, steel in ladle, high temperature, long time of increasingly harsh conditions of use, the steel for refractory material requirements are also constantly improving. All over the world in order to improve the ladle life, reduce consumption of refractory material, improve the quality of existing refractory materials, developed a new type of refractory material, especially the emergence of amorphous refractory material, it not only improved the traditional building method, but also improve the ladle life. The production practice shows that the bag side wall with the castable 20% high alumina spinel ladle bottom, using high alumina bricks, magnesia bricks used in slag line use best. This paper summarizes the present status and development of domestic and foreign steel for refractory material in recent decades. In the twentieth Century 50~60, the refractory materials used in China's ladle were mainly clay bricks. Because of the low cost, some steel mills still use clay bricks until 80s. In the late 1960s, some kinds of high alumina lining bricks were used in some steel mill