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港口物流外文翻译--以港口为中心的物流-其他专业
外文翻译
Port-centric logistics
Material Source:Emerald期刊
Author:John Mangan Chandra Lalwani Brian Fynes
1. Ports and supply chains
Ports and maritime transport have existed for some thousands of years and have developed in line with the evolution of international trade which has been inherent in shaping the modern world. Some 6 billion tonnes of freight moves by maritime transport each year and is estimated to comprise 45 per cent liquid bulks, 23 per cent dry bulks and 32 per cent general cargo. Total freight movements vary according to region, commodity and freight origin/destination. In the European Union (EU), for example, the ports sector handles more than 90 per cent of the union’s trade with third countries and approximately 30 per cent of intra-EU trade, as well as over 200 million passengers every year. According to the World Bank (2001), there are more than 2,000 ports around the world, from single berth locations handling a few hundred tonnes a year to some of the world’s largest ports such as Shanghai, Singapore and Rotterdam, which individually handle multiples of this (in the case of Shanghai, for example, the 2005 estimate is 443 million metric tonnes American Association of Port Authorities, 2005).
Ports and maritime transport thus play an important role today in global commerce. It is important to first define exactly what is meant by the term “port”. According to Stopford (1997),a port is “a geographical area where ships are brought alongside land to load and discharge cargo – usually a sheltered deep water area such as a bay of river mouth”. Often ports comprise multiple terminals,a terminal being “a section of the port consisting of one or more berths devoted to a particular type of cargo handling” (Stopford, 1997). Ports handle various different categories of freight. Maritime freight is typically classified as:liquid bulk (the most significant sub-category here is oil),dry bulk (such as coal and some agricultural p
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